YBX1
GeneName
YBX1
Summary
YBX1, also known as p50, YB1, or YB-1, is a 36 kDa RNA-binding protein that is predominantly expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. It plays a versatile role in various cellular processes, including mRNA stabilization, RNA splicing, and the regulation of gene expression. YBX1 is involved in the cellular response to interleukin-7 and participates in embryonic morphogenesis and epidermis development. It is localised in multiple cellular compartments such as the cytoplasmic stress granules, P-bodies, and the nucleus, where it interacts with nucleic acids, including mRNA and miRNA, to influence their stability and transport. Additionally, YBX1 has been implicated in the negative regulation of transcription and translation, as well as the positive regulation of cell division.
Importance
YBX1 is relevant to: - Cancer biology, as it influences mRNA stability and translation, impacting tumour growth and progression - Stem cell research, due to its role in regulating embryonic development and differentiation - Neurobiology, given its involvement in RNA transport and stress granule formation, which are critical in neuronal function and response to stress - Autoimmune diseases, where its regulatory functions on gene expression may contribute to disease mechanisms - Cellular stress responses, as it is a key player in the formation of stress granules that help cells cope with adverse conditions
Top Products
For researchers investigating YBX1, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies that have garnered significant attention in the field. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-YB1 antibody (ab12148), which has been widely used in Western blotting (WB) and has accumulated 96 citations, reflecting its reliability and trust within the research community. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-YB1 antibody [EP2708Y] (ab76149), which is also supported by 96 citations. This versatile recombinant product has been validated for multiple applications, including WB, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunoprecipitation (IP), and flow cytometry (FC). Its batch-to-batch consistency makes it an excellent choice for researchers seeking dependable YBX1 detection across various experimental setups. The Recombinant Human YB1 Protein ELISA Kit (ab187443), supported by 4 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure YBX1 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that YBX1 is primarily studied in the context of human cancer, particularly in ovarian and colorectal cancer cell lines. The use of Western blotting is prevalent, highlighting its role in understanding mechanisms such as oxaliplatin resistance and stress granule formation. Additionally, immunohistochemistry is employed to investigate YBX1 in lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting its relevance in lung cancer research.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Domain
In the CSD domain, Trp-65 specifically recognizes C5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification through its indole ring.
Function
DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in various processes, such as translational repression, RNA stabilization, mRNA splicing, DNA repair and transcription regulation (PubMed:10817758, PubMed:11698476, PubMed:14718551, PubMed:18809583, PubMed:31358969, PubMed:8188694). Predominantly acts as a RNA-binding protein: binds preferentially to the 5'-[CU]CUGCG-3' RNA motif and specifically recognizes mRNA transcripts modified by C5-methylcytosine (m5C) (PubMed:19561594, PubMed:31358969). Promotes mRNA stabilization: acts by binding to m5C-containing mRNAs and recruiting the mRNA stability maintainer ELAVL1, thereby preventing mRNA decay (PubMed:10817758, PubMed:11698476, PubMed:31358969). Component of the CRD-mediated complex that promotes MYC mRNA stability (PubMed:19029303). Contributes to the regulation of translation by modulating the interaction between the mRNA and eukaryotic initiation factors (By similarity). Plays a key role in RNA composition of extracellular exosomes by defining the sorting of small non-coding RNAs, such as tRNAs, Y RNAs, Vault RNAs and miRNAs (PubMed:27559612, PubMed:29073095). Probably sorts RNAs in exosomes by recognizing and binding C5-methylcytosine (m5C)-containing RNAs (PubMed:28341602, PubMed:29073095). Acts as a key effector of epidermal progenitors by preventing epidermal progenitor senescence: acts by regulating the translation of a senescence-associated subset of cytokine mRNAs, possibly by binding to m5C-containing mRNAs (PubMed:29712925). Also involved in pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulation: binds to splice sites in pre-mRNA and regulates splice site selection (PubMed:12604611). Binds to TSC22D1 transcripts, thereby inhibiting their translation and negatively regulating TGF-beta-mediated transcription of COL1A2 (By similarity). Also able to bind DNA: regulates transcription of the multidrug resistance gene MDR1 is enhanced in presence of the APEX1 acetylated form at 'Lys-6' and 'Lys-7' (PubMed:18809583). Binds to promoters that contain a Y-box (5'-CTGATTGGCCAA-3'), such as MDR1 and HLA class II genes (PubMed:18809583, PubMed:8188694). Promotes separation of DNA strands that contain mismatches or are modified by cisplatin (PubMed:14718551). Has endonucleolytic activity and can introduce nicks or breaks into double-stranded DNA, suggesting a role in DNA repair (PubMed:14718551). The secreted form acts as an extracellular mitogen and stimulates cell migration and proliferation (PubMed:19483673).
Post-translational modifications
Ubiquitinated by RBBP6; leading to a decrease of YBX1 transactivational ability.
Phosphorylated; increased by TGFB1 treatment (Ref.6). Phosphorylation by PKB/AKT1 reduces interaction with cytoplasmic mRNA (By similarity). In the absence of phosphorylation the protein is retained in the cytoplasm (PubMed:15806160).
Cleaved by a 20S proteasomal protease in response to agents that damage DNA. Cleavage takes place in the absence of ubiquitination and ATP. The resulting N-terminal fragment accumulates in the nucleus (By similarity).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the YBX1 family.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasmic granule
- Secreted
- Secreted
- Extracellular exosome
- Cytoplasm
- P-body
- Predominantly cytoplasmic in proliferating cells (PubMed:12604611). Cytotoxic stress and DNA damage enhance translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:14718551). Localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:25229427). Shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm (PubMed:25229427). Localized with DDX1, MBNL1 and TIAL1 in stress granules upon stress (PubMed:18335541). Secreted by mesangial and monocytic cells after inflammatory challenges (PubMed:19483673).
Alternative names
NSEP1, YB1, YBX1, Y-box-binding protein 1, YB-1, CCAAT-binding transcription factor I subunit A, DNA-binding protein B, Enhancer factor I subunit A, Nuclease-sensitive element-binding protein 1, Y-box transcription factor, CBF-A, DBPB, EFI-A