YY1
GeneName
YY1
Summary
YY1, also known as NF E1, AtYY1, or YY-1, is a 45 kDa multifunctional transcription factor that is predominantly expressed in the nucleus. It is involved in various biological processes, including chromatin remodelling, gene expression regulation, and DNA damage response. YY1 can act as both a transcriptional activator and repressor, binding to specific DNA sequences in the cis-regulatory regions of target genes. It plays a role in diverse functions such as B cell differentiation, telomere maintenance, and cellular responses to environmental stimuli like UV and interleukin-1. YY1 is associated with several cellular components, including chromatin, the nuclear matrix, and transcription regulator complexes, underscoring its importance in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin dynamics.
Importance
YY1 is relevant to: - Understanding transcriptional regulation in various developmental processes and diseases due to its dual role as an activator and repressor of gene expression. - Investigating mechanisms of DNA repair and response to DNA damage, which are critical for maintaining genomic stability. - Exploring its involvement in immune responses, particularly in B cell differentiation and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. - Studying its implications in cancer biology, where dysregulation of YY1 may contribute to oncogenesis and tumour progression.
Top Products
For researchers investigating YY1, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-YY1 antibody [EPR4652] (ab109237). This antibody is well-cited, with 70 citations, reflecting its reliability and trust within the research community. It has been validated for use in several applications, including Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and flow cytometry (FC). The versatility of this antibody makes it an excellent choice for those seeking consistent and effective detection of YY1 in various experimental setups. The Anti-YY1 antibody - Nuclear Loading Control ELISA Kit (ab245364) is an excellent option for researchers looking to study YY1 in their experiments.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that the YY1 target is being investigated in various contexts, particularly in human lung cancer cell lines and mouse models. The studies focus on the role of YY1 in DCBLD1 expression and promoter activity, as well as its involvement in macrophage regulation of inflammation. This suggests that YY1 may play a significant role in cancer biology and immune responses.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Multifunctional transcription factor that exhibits positive and negative control on a large number of cellular and viral genes by binding to sites overlapping the transcription start site (PubMed:15329343, PubMed:17721549, PubMed:24326773, PubMed:25787250). Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-CCGCCATNTT-3'; some genes have been shown to contain a longer binding motif allowing enhanced binding; the initial CG dinucleotide can be methylated greatly reducing the binding affinity (PubMed:15329343, PubMed:17721549, PubMed:24326773, PubMed:25787250). The effect on transcription regulation is depending upon the context in which it binds and diverse mechanisms of action include direct activation or repression, indirect activation or repression via cofactor recruitment, or activation or repression by disruption of binding sites or conformational DNA changes (PubMed:15329343, PubMed:17721549, PubMed:24326773, PubMed:25787250). Its activity is regulated by transcription factors and cytoplasmic proteins that have been shown to abrogate or completely inhibit YY1-mediated activation or repression (PubMed:15329343, PubMed:17721549, PubMed:24326773, PubMed:25787250). For example, it acts as a repressor in absence of adenovirus E1A protein but as an activator in its presence (PubMed:1655281). Acts synergistically with the SMAD1 and SMAD4 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac-specific gene expression (PubMed:15329343). Binds to SMAD binding elements (SBEs) (5'-GTCT/AGAC-3') within BMP response element (BMPRE) of cardiac activating regions (PubMed:15329343). May play an important role in development and differentiation. Proposed to recruit the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex to target genes that are transcriptional repressed (PubMed:11158321). Involved in DNA repair (PubMed:18026119, PubMed:28575647). In vitro, binds to DNA recombination intermediate structures (Holliday junctions). Plays a role in regulating enhancer activation (PubMed:28575647). Recruits the PR-DUB complex to specific gene-regulatory regions (PubMed:20805357).
Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair; proposed to target the INO80 complex to YY1-responsive elements.
Involvement in disease
Gabriele-de Vries syndrome
GADEVS
An autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability. Most patients have behavioral and feeding problems, movement abnormalities, mild distal skeletal anomalies, and dysmorphic facial features.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylation at Ser-118 by CK2 prevents proteolytic cleavage by caspase-7 (CASP7) during apoptosis.
Proteolytically cleaved by caspase-7 (CASP7) in response to apoptosis (PubMed:22184066). Phosphorylation at Ser-118 protects against proteolytic cleavage (PubMed:22184066).
Transiently poly-ADP-ribosylated by PARP1 upon DNA damage, with the effect of decreasing affinity of YY1 to its cognate DNA binding sites.
Ubiquitinated.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the YY transcription factor family.
Cellular localization
- Nucleus matrix
- Associated with the nuclear matrix.
Alternative names
INO80S, YY1, Transcriptional repressor protein YY1, Delta transcription factor, INO80 complex subunit S, NF-E1, Yin and yang 1, YY-1