Fluid biomarkers poster

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by complex and multifactorial pathologies that evolve over time, often long before clinical symptoms emerge. The identification and validation of fluid biomarkers that reflect distinct pathological processes are critical for early diagnosis, patient stratification, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy. Ongoing research efforts are focused on identifying new biomarkers and understanding their role in disease mechanisms. These pathological processes affect various cells and tissues in the nervous system, with the central nervous system being a primary site impacted by these degenerative diseases. Both genetic mutations and variations in genes, as well as environmental factors, can influence the risk and development of neurodegenerative diseases by affecting protein folding and function. As these diseases progress, complications can arise, further impacting patient health.

Our interactive pathway poster provides a comprehensive overview of key fluid biomarkers associated with neurodegeneration. It categorizes biomarkers according to five major pathological domains: protein misfolding, neuronal injury, synaptic damage, inflammation, and vascular dysregulation.

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Biomarkers play a pivotal role in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. These measurable indicators, often proteins, can reveal the presence or severity of a disease, help identify individuals at greater risk, and track how a disease progresses or responds to treatments.

In neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, specific biomarkers like amyloid-β, tau protein, and neurofilament light chain have become essential tools for clinicians and researchers. For example, amyloid-β and tau protein are used in clinical practice to  support the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s diseaseand to monitor disease progression. These proteins can be detected through blood tests or in cerebrospinal fluid, providing valuable insights into disease mechanisms and enabling earlier intervention.