Glutamatergic neurons produce glutamate, which is one of the most common excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS).
Glutamate is critical in fundamental processes such as learning, cognition, and memory. Dysregulation of glutamatergic transmission can result in several neurological conditions.
Vesicular glutamate transporter 1
Alternative names (vGluT1)
Gene name SLC17A7
vGluT1 is expressed in neuron-rich brain regions and is associated with synaptic vesicle membranes.
Zebrafish retina sections stained with anti-vGluT1 (green) (ab77822).
We recommend
vGlut1 antibodies
References
View 2 references for Vesicular glutamate transporter 1
Vesicular glutamate transporter 2
Alternative names vGluT2
Gene name SLC17A6
A glutamate transporter that transports cytoplasmic glutamate into vesicles.
Mouse brain tissue sections stained with anti-vGluT2 (ab79157).
We recommend
vGlut2 antibodies
References
View 2 references for Vesicular glutamate transporter 2
Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 1
Alternative names NMDAR1
Gene name GRIN1
An essential subunit of all NMDA receptors.
Product Activity (+)-MK 801 maleate (Dizocilpine) (ab120027) Non-competitive NMDAR1 antagonist. ion channel. Memantine hydrochloride (ab120249) NMDAR1 antagonist.
Rat cortex stained with anti-NMDAR1 (ab17345).
We recommend
NMDAR1 antibodies
References
View 6 references for Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 1
Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2B
Alternative names NMDAR2B
Gene name GRIN2b
An essential subunit of all NMDA receptors.
Product Activity Ro 25-6981 maleate salt (ab120290) Potent, highly selective, activity-dependent inhibitor of NMDA receptors that contain the NR2B subunit. Ifenprodil hemitartrate (ab120111) Non-competitive NMDAR2B antagonist acting at the polyamine site.
Mouse cerebral cortex sections stained with anti-NMDAR2B (ab65783).
We recommend
NMDAR2B antibodies
References
View 6 references for Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2B
Glutaminase
Gene name GLS
An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of glutamine into glutamate.
Human cerebral cortex tissue labeled with anti-glutaminase (ab156876).
We recommend
Glutaminase antibodies
References
View 3 references for Glutaminase
Glutamine synthetase
An enzyme catalyzing the ATP-dependent amination of glutamate to form glutamine, it is primarily expressed in astrocytes, but expression levels rise in neurons in neurodegenerative diseases.
When staining for glutamine synthetase, we recommend the parallel staining of NeuN.
We recommend
Glutamine synthetase antibodies
References
View 3 references for Glutamine synthetase
References
Baude A,, Strube C,, Tell F,, et al. Glutamatergic neurotransmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii: structural and functional characteristics J Chem Neuroanat 383 (3),145-153 (2008)
Wang T,, Miller KE Characterization of glutamatergic neurons in the rat atrial intrinsic cardiac ganglia that project to the cardiac ventricular wall Neuroscience 329 ,134-150 (2016)
Vesicular glutamate transporter 2
Baude A,, Strube C,, Tell F,, et al. Glutamatergic neurotransmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii: structural and functional characteristics J Chem Neuroanat 383 (3),145-153 (2008)
Wang T,, Miller KE Characterization of glutamatergic neurons in the rat atrial intrinsic cardiac ganglia that project to the cardiac ventricular wall Neuroscience 329 ,134-150 (2016)
Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 1
Bhatt JM,, Prakash A,, Suryavanshi PS,, et al. Effect of ifenprodil on GluN1/GluN2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor gating Mol Pharmacol 83 (1),9-21 (2013)
Fischer G,, Mutel V,, Trube G, et al. Ro 25-6981, a highly potent and selective blocker of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors containing the NR2B subunit J Pharmacol Exp Ther 283 (3),1285-92 (1997)
Kovacic P,, Somanathan R Clinical physiology and mechanism of dizocilpine (MK-801): electron transfer, radicals, redox metabolites and bioactivity Oxid Med Cell Longev 3 (1),13-22 (2010)
Liu SB,, Ma L,, Guo HJ,, et al. Gentiopicroside attenuates morphine rewarding effect through downregulation of GluN2B receptors in nucleus accumbens CNS Neurosci Ther 18 (8),652-658 (2012)
North WG,, Gao G,, Jensen A,, et al. NMDA receptors are expressed by small-cell lung cancer and are potential targets for effective treatment Clin Pharmacol 2010 (2),31-40 (2010)
Prybylowski K,, Chang K,, Sans N,, et al. The synaptic localization of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors is controlled by interactions with PDZ proteins and AP-2 Neuron 47 (6),845-57 (2005)
Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2B
Bhatt JM,, Prakash A,, Suryavanshi PS,, et al. Effect of ifenprodil on GluN1/GluN2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor gating Mol Pharmacol 83 (1),9-21 (2013)
Fischer G,, Mutel V,, Trube G, et al. Ro 25-6981, a highly potent and selective blocker of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors containing the NR2B subunit J Pharmacol Exp Ther 283 (3),1285-92 (1997)
Kovacic P,, Somanathan R Clinical physiology and mechanism of dizocilpine (MK-801): electron transfer, radicals, redox metabolites and bioactivity Oxid Med Cell Longev 3 (1),13-22 (2010)
Liu SB,, Ma L,, Guo HJ,, et al. Gentiopicroside attenuates morphine rewarding effect through downregulation of GluN2B receptors in nucleus accumbens CNS Neurosci Ther 18 (8),652-658 (2012)
North WG,, Gao G,, Jensen A,, et al. NMDA receptors are expressed by small-cell lung cancer and are potential targets for effective treatment Clin Pharmacol 2010 (2),31-40 (2010)
Prybylowski K,, Chang K,, Sans N,, et al. The synaptic localization of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors is controlled by interactions with PDZ proteins and AP-2 Neuron 47 (6),845-57 (2005)
Glutaminase
Baude A,, Strube C,, Tell F,, et al. Glutamatergic neurotransmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii: structural and functional characteristics J Chem Neuroanat 383 (3),145-153 (2008)
Fernandes SP,, Dringen R,, Lawen A,, et al. Neurones express glutamine synthetase when deprived of glutamine or interaction with astrocytes. J Neurochem 114 (5),1527-36 (2010)
Wang T,, Miller KE Characterization of glutamatergic neurons in the rat atrial intrinsic cardiac ganglia that project to the cardiac ventricular wall Neuroscience 329 ,134-150 (2016)
Glutamine synthetase
Baude A,, Strube C,, Tell F,, et al. Glutamatergic neurotransmission in the nucleus tractus solitarii: structural and functional characteristics J Chem Neuroanat 383 (3),145-153 (2008)
Fernandes SP,, Dringen R,, Lawen A,, et al. Neurones express glutamine synthetase when deprived of glutamine or interaction with astrocytes. J Neurochem 114 (5),1527-36 (2010)
Wang T,, Miller KE Characterization of glutamatergic neurons in the rat atrial intrinsic cardiac ganglia that project to the cardiac ventricular wall Neuroscience 329 ,134-150 (2016)