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    glycine-antibody-ab9442.pdf

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Neuroscience Neurotransmitter Amino Acids Glycine
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Anti-Glycine antibody (ab9442)

  • Datasheet
  • SDS
Reviews (1)Q&A (6)References (5)

Product price, shipping and contact information

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Abpromise

Guaranteed product quality, expert customer support.

Find out more.

Key features and details

  • Rabbit polyclonal to Glycine
  • Suitable for: IHC-FoFr, IHC-Fr, Immunomicroscopy
  • Reacts with: Species independent
  • Isotype: IgG

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Overview

  • Product name

    Anti-Glycine antibody
    See all Glycine primary antibodies
  • Description

    Rabbit polyclonal to Glycine
  • Host species

    Rabbit
  • Specificity

    The antibody is calibrated against a spectrum of antigens to assure hapten selectivity. No measurable cross-reactivity (<1:1000) was detected against glycine in peptides or proteins. Fixed tissue cross-reactivity was tested with known targets at the recommended dilution. No measurable glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue cross-reactivity (<1:1000) was detected against L-alanine, gamma-aminobutyrate, agmatine, guanidine, D/L-arginine, L-citrulline, L-cysteine, D/L-glutamate, D/L-glutamine, glutathione, L-lysine, L-ornithine, L-serine, taurine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine.
  • Tested applications

    Suitable for: IHC-FoFr, IHC-Fr, Immunomicroscopymore details
  • Species reactivity

    Reacts with: Species independent
  • Immunogen

    Chemical/ Small Molecule by a Glutaraldehyde linker.

  • General notes

    The product is optimized for HPI/EHPI with gold or fluorescence detection using etched plastic sections. Filter diluted reagents with 0.2 mm syringe filters before use on EM grids. Enzyme-linked visualizations can be used but will compress the signal dynamic range and are less sensitive.

    The Life Science industry has been in the grips of a reproducibility crisis for a number of years. Abcam is leading the way in addressing the problem with our range of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and knockout edited cell lines for gold-standard validation.

    One factor contributing to the crisis is the use of antibodies that are not suitable. This can lead to misleading results and the use of incorrect data informing project assumptions and direction. To help address this challenge, we have introduced an application and species grid on our primary antibody datasheets to make it easy to simplify identification of the right antibody for your needs.

    Learn more here.

Properties

  • Form

    Liquid
  • Storage instructions

    Shipped at 4°C. Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycle.
  • Concentration information loading...
  • Purity

    IgG fraction
  • Clonality

    Polyclonal
  • Isotype

    IgG
  • Research areas

    • Neuroscience
    • Neurotransmitter
    • Amino Acids
    • Glycine
    • Signal Transduction
    • Metabolism
    • Amino Acids
    • Metabolism
    • Pathways and Processes
    • Metabolic signaling pathways
    • Amino acid metabolism
    • Metabolism
    • Types of disease
    • Cancer

Associated products

  • Compatible Secondaries

    • Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (ab150077)
    • Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab205718)
  • Isotype control

    • Rabbit IgG, polyclonal - Isotype Control (ChIP Grade) (ab171870)

Applications

The Abpromise guarantee

Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab9442 in the following tested applications.

The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

Application Abreviews Notes
IHC-FoFr
Use at an assay dependent concentration. Use with frozen or vibratome sections is possible but will not yield optimal images as IgGs penetrate aldehyde cross-linked tissue poorly and most amino acids are present at such high levels that prozone effects occur. Use in whole mounts is not recommended for similar reasons.
IHC-Fr (1)
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Immunomicroscopy
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Notes
IHC-FoFr
Use at an assay dependent concentration. Use with frozen or vibratome sections is possible but will not yield optimal images as IgGs penetrate aldehyde cross-linked tissue poorly and most amino acids are present at such high levels that prozone effects occur. Use in whole mounts is not recommended for similar reasons.
IHC-Fr
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Immunomicroscopy
Use at an assay dependent concentration.

Target

  • Relevance

    Defects in GLDC are a cause of nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH), also known as glycine encephalopathy (GCE). NKH is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by accumulation of a large amount of glycine in body fluid and by severe neurological symptoms. The degredation of glycine is catalised by the glycine cleavage system. The P protein binds the alpha-amino group of glycine through its pyridoxal phosphate cofactor; carbondioxide is released and the remaining methylamine moiety is then transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the H protein. The glycine cleavage system is composed of four proteins: P, T, L and H.

Protocols

  • High Performance Immunohistochemistry Protocol

Click here to view the general protocols

Datasheets and documents

  • SDS download

  • Datasheet download

    Download

References (5)

Publishing research using ab9442? Please let us know so that we can cite the reference in this datasheet.

ab9442 has been referenced in 5 publications.

  • Shivashankar G  et al. Proinflammatory cytokines trigger biochemical and neurochemical changes in mouse retinal explants exposed to hyperglycemic conditions. Mol Vis 26:277-290 (2020). PubMed: 32300272
  • Chen G  et al. Primary hepatic angiosarcoma in a 64-year-old man: A case report. Oncol Lett 11:2445-2448 (2016). PubMed: 27073495
  • Forati E  et al. Neurotransmitter Specific, Cellular-Resolution Functional Brain Mapping Using Receptor Coated Nanoparticles: Assessment of the Possibility. PLoS One 10:e0145852 (2015). PubMed: 26717196
  • Fredrich M  et al. Neuronal subtype identity in the rat auditory brainstem as defined by molecular profile and axonal projection. Exp Brain Res 195:241-60 (2009). PubMed: 19340418
  • Sun D  et al. Metabolic and functional profiling of the normal rat retina. J Comp Neurol 505:92-113 (2007). IHC . PubMed: 17729258

Customer reviews and Q&As

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1-7 of 7 Abreviews or Q&A

Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections) abreview for Anti-Glycine antibody

Excellent
Abreviews
Abreviews
abreview image
Application
Immunohistochemistry (Frozen sections)
Blocking step
BSA as blocking agent for 1 hour(s) and 0 minute(s) · Concentration: 3% · Temperature: 21°C
Sample
Chicken Tissue sections (chicken hindbrain)
Specification
chicken hindbrain
Permeabilization
Yes - 0.1% PBS-TritonX
Fixative
Paraformaldehyde
Read More

Abcam user community

Verified customer

Submitted Mar 26 2014

Question

To Whom It May Concern,

We recently ordered anti-glycine antibody from your company (ab9442) and I have some questions about the High Performance Immunohistochemistry Protocol related to this antibody.

1) Can I use Bovine Calf Serum instead of Goat Serum described in this protocal?
2) Can I use this antibody to stain glycine in 10˜20 um mice retina slices fixed by PFA?

Could you please help me with these questions?

Thanks

Read More

Abcam community

Verified customer

Asked on Nov 28 2012

Answer

Thank you for contacting Abcam.

1. Bovine calf serum rather than goat serum should work to sufficiently block non-specific binding.

2) As stated on the datasheet, this antibody is tested and guaranteed to react with rat Glycine via IHC-FoFr, IHC-Fr, ICC, Immunomicroscopy. Thus, our AbPromise guarantee would not apply to the mouse retina slices that you are mentioning.

I hope this information is helpful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need any more advice or information.

Free Rabbit monoclonal antibody with any purchase of a primary antibody, while stocks last! Quote “RABMAB-XBSMG” in your next primary antibody order. For more information, visit the following link: https://www.abcam.com/index.html?pageconfig=resource&rid=15447

Read More

Abcam Scientific Support

Answered on Nov 28 2012

Question

Customer would like to know if we can offer anti proline-glycine-glycine or anti proline-glycine-proline antibodies.

Read More

Abcam community

Verified customer

Asked on Aug 11 2011

Answer

Thank you for contacting us. We have anti glycine or anti- proline antibodies in our catalogue. The catalogue numbers are ab9344, ab9345, ab37067, ab9442 and ab37087. We unfortunately do not have antibodies available specifically raised against proline-glycine-proline short peptide. I would like to recommend checking the Biocompare website which has an excellent antibody search facility that includes many suppliers. The links are: www.biocompare.com http://www.biocompare.com/ProductCategories/2045/Antibodies.html Elastin proteins also have repeating units of proline and glycine residues. So probably monoclonal antibodies against part of Elastin will be helpful e.g. ab97963 and ab51599. Although these do not exactly match however it will help to widen your search. I hope this information is nevertheless helpful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further questions in this regard.

Read More

Abcam Scientific Support

Answered on Aug 11 2011

Question

Customer has lot# 116580 - is a concentration (at least an approximate) available?

Read More

Abcam community

Verified customer

Asked on Jul 26 2005

Answer

Thank you for your enquiry. This product is sold as whole antiserum, not as purified antibody. An exact concentration is not available. In general, we estimate that the total Ig concentration in serum is approx. 10 mg/ml, and the specific antibody component is approx. 10% of this.

Read More

Abcam Scientific Support

Answered on Jul 26 2005

Question

Thank you for your details of IHC protocol that could improve the labeling of Glycinergic cells. I don''t want to switch to resin sections. We use vibratome sections. For your information, we can obtain a good labeling on small molecules using frozen sections and FITC (see Allain et al. Brain Resarch 1000: 134-137, 2004). We will keep trying to make your antibody work even if it represents a high cost for our lab compared to our very small financial supports. Thank you anyway but I would have preferred a financial compensation....

Read More

Abcam community

Verified customer

Asked on May 12 2004

Answer

Thank you for your reply and for your interesting comment. We have looked at your article very carefully. This is a 4% PF fixation which does not cross-link tissue. That is why the penetration is better - but not good. Most anti-glycine antibodies absolutely require glutaraldehyde, since the target is so small, the concentration low and the risk of loss is high. Our IgG is specifically designed for glutaraldehdye and resin sections - we never sell it as a general PF IgG for frozen sections. Anti PF-glycine IgGs are not commercially available yet. Regarding the GABA ICC: The GABA signals are typical of frozen/vibratome sections and they are not what we would call good. Clearly they were adequate to answer the question at hand but do not represent the current standard for small molecule detection fidelity, coverage or signal strength. They represent incomplete coverage, non-quantitative signals, as evidenced by the failure to detect nuclear GABA levels which are usually equal to somatic levels. The immunocytochemistry reveals the presence of some, but clearly not all spinal GABA+ cells (only those with cut surfaces emerging somewhere on the sections). The mean levels of glycine in most glycinergic neurons is about 1 mM (partly limited by the synthetic mechanisms for glycine) and that GABA levels in GABAergic neurons are 5-10 fold higher. This means that glycine signals will be almost a log unit weaker that the GABA images you show, and this will be invisible with FITC under the best of conditions. We do have customers who have good qualitative glycine signals in frozen sections - but again - with great difficulty due to the poor penetration of the IgGs. Resin sections always work. Please do let us know how you are getting on with this product. If you are still experiencing problem, do not hesitate to contact us again. We will try to do our best to solve the problem a soon as possible.

Read More

Abcam Scientific Support

Answered on May 13 2004

Question

Message 1: We ordered twice (on september 18th 2003 and march 03th 2004) 500 µl of the rabbit polyclonal glycine antibody ab9442. Total cost 664 € ! So far we have not been able to collect any selective labeling on spinal cord sections fixed according to the recommended protocol as well as according to other protocols (our modified protocols). We made so many unsuccessful trials using the recommended high concentration (1/100) that we had to reorder this product. And today we are still fighting to obtain a specific labeling. We have thus spent time, money and energy (one of my student who works on this project is becoming very disappointed) ! Conclusion : your company sells an antibody that is defective. Message 2.: Here are the informations : -The problem : very few staining - Material tested : • Species : mouse • Cell line : no • Tissu: spinal cord slices - fixative: 1% paraformaldehyde - 2.5 % glutaraldehyde made in PB 0.1 M - Antigen retrieval step : NO • Enzymatic method • Heat mediated technique • Other - blockade of the unspecific binding sites : YES with 2% BSA (bovin serum albumin) - Primary antibody: • specification : made in rabbit • dilution : 1:100 (recommended dilution) • incubation time: 48 hours at 4°C • wash steps: numerous (at least 4 times during 10 minutes) - Secondary antibody: fluorescein anti-rabbit made in goat 1:200 during 2 hours at room temperature (this procedure works routinely in our lab with others primary antibodies) - Which detection system did you use : FITC and confocal imaging - Did you apply positive and negative controls along with the samples ? What do you mean ? - Optimization attempts : • How many times have you tried the IHC : more than 15 .... I don't want to know... • Do you obtain the same results every time : YES • What steps have you altered : we first tried on frozen sections (cut using a cryostat) and then switched to sections embedded in agar and cut with a vibratome. It seemed to help but I am not satisfied with the staining. I think that I should obtain more numerous stained cells in the spinal cord sections.

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Abcam community

Verified customer

Asked on May 04 2004

Answer

Thank you for your enquiry and for providing more details of your protocol. As we understand from your e-mail, the main problem is that you have no glycine signals. This is very likely a technical failure. Reading through your protocol, it is clear that you have applied a normal IHC method. Here we would like to make some suggestions and comments: 1. Do not use frozen or vibratome methods, use resin sections instead. In general, amino acid antibodies will not work in glutaraldehyde cross-linked frozen or vibratome sections. This has been well-known since the 1980s. 2. Before proceeding, please do take a look at the special “Protocol” section on the top panel of the on-line datasheet of this product. Here you will find a detailed protocol for this product 3. Do not use immunocytochemistry method on small molecules and never use frozen or vibratome sections for small molecules. 4. Don't use FITC – the signal can be very low. We would recommend using Alexa red or Cy3 instead. Please remember that glutaraldehyde (which is essential for trapping small molecules) causes massive autofluorescence, often brighter than FITC. No wonder why you couldn't detect any signal. We also recommend HPI with silver detection. 5. You may also need to consider the fact that even glycinergic neurons have rather low levels of glycine - and it quickly disappears in ischemia. Are you certain that your spinal cord samples are not ischemic? 6. Confocal visualization is not necessary. If you want 3-D thick section visualization of glycine, remember that no one has published such material because it is virtually impossible to do so. We hope that this information will be useful for you.

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Abcam Scientific Support

Answered on May 10 2004

Question

Three enquiries really: 1) could this antibody work with low glutaraldehyde, in order to do immuno at the fluorescent level? 2) if gluta is essential, how do you propose to reduce/eliminate autofluorescence due to glutaraldehyde? 3) do you small "sampling" volumes (ie 100microliters) and if so, what is the price (including P&P)? Dr George Mentis

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Abcam community

Verified customer

Asked on Apr 17 2002

Answer

Dear George 1) This antibody should work with 0.1% glutaraldehyde fixation using the High Performance Immunocytochemistry protocol listed with the antibody on the Abcam website. 2) I have had a search on the web and I have learned from this that glutaraldehyde autofluorescence can often be significantly reduced by washing the fixed material with 0.1% sodium borohydride in PBS. 3) I am afraid that we can't supply small sample volumes. However, our policy at Abcam is that if an antibody does not work as specified on the datasheet, we offer a replacement or reimbursement. We also offer a USD20 Amazon gift voucher to researchers who feedback information about our products. I hope this helps. Please feel free to get back to us with any further questions. Regards Michael

Read More

Abcam Scientific Support

Answered on Apr 18 2002

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