Overview

Description

  • Nature
    Synthetic
  • Amino Acid Sequence
    • Accession
      P68431
    • Species
      Human

Specifications

Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab2903 in the following tested applications.

The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

  • Applications

    Blocking

  • Form
    Liquid
  • Additional notes

    - First try to dissolve a small amount of peptide in either water or buffer. The more charged residues on a peptide, the more soluble it is in aqueous solutions.
    - If the peptide doesn’t dissolve try an organic solvent e.g. DMSO, then dilute using water or buffer.
    - Consider that any solvent used must be compatible with your assay. If a peptide does not dissolve and you need to recover it, lyophilise to remove the solvent.
    - Gentle warming and sonication can effectively aid peptide solubilisation. If the solution is cloudy or has gelled the peptide may be in suspension rather than solubilised.
    - Peptides containing cysteine are easily oxidised, so should be prepared in solution just prior to use.

  • Concentration information loading...

Preparation and Storage

  • Stability and Storage

    Shipped at 4°C. Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Upon delivery aliquot. Store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycle.

    Information available upon request.

General Info

  • Alternative names
    • H3 histone family, member A
    • H3/A
    • H31_HUMAN
    • H3FA
    • Hist1h3a
    • HIST1H3B
    • HIST1H3C
    • HIST1H3D
    • HIST1H3E
    • HIST1H3F
    • HIST1H3G
    • HIST1H3H
    • HIST1H3I
    • HIST1H3J
    • histone 1, H3a
    • Histone cluster 1, H3a
    • Histone H3.1
    • Histone H3/a
    • Histone H3/b
    • Histone H3/c
    • Histone H3/d
    • Histone H3/f
    • Histone H3/h
    • Histone H3/i
    • Histone H3/j
    • Histone H3/k
    • Histone H3/l
    see all
  • Function
    Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
  • Sequence similarities
    Belongs to the histone H3 family.
  • Developmental stage
    Expressed during S phase, then expression strongly decreases as cell division slows down during the process of differentiation.
  • Post-translational
    modifications
    Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylation on Lys-10 (H3K9ac) impairs methylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s). Acetylation on Lys-19 (H3K18ac) and Lys-24 (H3K24ac) favors methylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me).
    Citrullination at Arg-9 (H3R8ci) and/or Arg-18 (H3R17ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation and represses transcription.
    Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me2a) by CARM1 is linked to gene activation. Symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s) by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression. Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-3 (H3R2me2a) by PRMT6 is linked to gene repression and is mutually exclusive with H3 Lys-5 methylation (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). H3R2me2a is present at the 3' of genes regardless of their transcription state and is enriched on inactive promoters, while it is absent on active promoters.
    Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me), Lys-37 (H3K36me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) are linked to gene activation. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) facilitates subsequent acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-80 (H3K79me) is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses and is a specific target for TP53BP1. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are linked to gene repression. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) and prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at 'Lys-120'. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin.
    Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by GSG2/haspin during prophase and dephosphorylated during anaphase. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. In addition phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by RPS6KA4 and RPS6KA5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or UV irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph), which is linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) but facilitates acetylation of H3 and H4. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) from heterochromatin. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation. Phosphorylated at Ser-29 (H3S28ph) by MLTK isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation. Phosphorylation at Thr-7 (H3T6ph) by PRKCBB is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. At centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) from prophase to early anaphase, by DAPK3 and PKN1. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by PKN1 is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that promotes demethylation of Lys-10 (H3K9me) by KDM4C/JMJD2C. Phosphorylation at Tyr-42 (H3Y41ph) by JAK2 promotes exclusion of CBX5 (HP1 alpha) from chromatin.
    Monoubiquitinated by RAG1 in lymphoid cells, monoubiquitination is required for V(D)J recombination (By similarity). Ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex in response to ultraviolet irradiation. This may weaken the interaction between histones and DNA and facilitate DNA accessibility to repair proteins.
  • Cellular localization
    Nucleus. Chromosome.
  • Information by UniProt

References

This product has been referenced in:
  • You Y  et al. Temporal dynamics of gene expression and histone marks at the Arabidopsis shoot meristem during flowering. Nat Commun 8:15120 (2017). Read more (PubMed: 28513600) »
  • Arambasic M  et al. Pdsg1 and Pdsg2, novel proteins involved in developmental genome remodelling in Paramecium. PLoS One 9:e112899 (2014). Read more (PubMed: 25397898) »

See all 3 Publications for this product

Publishing research using ab2903? Please let us know so that we can cite the reference in this datasheet.

Customer reviews and Q&As

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1 Review or Q&A

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I have ordered your mono-, di-, and tri-methyl H3K9 peptides (catalog) ab1771, ab1772 and ab1773, but I cant find sequence information on the website in terms of where the sequence starts and ends and how long they are.

I need to order ...

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I would recommend using ab2903, a 14 aa peptide, as the corresponding unmodified peptide. It has 3 additional amino acids at the amino terminus of the peptide that are not included ab1771 and 2 additional amiino acids at the N-term as compare...

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