Tosedostat (CHR2797)

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CD13 also known as aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) is a transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa. It functions as a zinc-dependent metalloenzyme which cleaves N-terminal amino acids from peptides and proteins. CD13 protein is expressed on various cell types including myeloid cells epithelial cells endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Its presence is significantly observed in the brush border of the small intestinal mucosa and the renal proximal tubule. Researchers can study CD13 using anti-CD13 antibodies and CD13 ELISA kits.

Biological function summary

CD13 regulates peptide-mediated signaling and controls the maturation and catabolism of bioactive peptides. The enzymatic function of CD13 influences processes such as cell proliferation motility and angiogenesis. It does not operate as part of a larger complex but its activity modulates several cellular and systemic functions. CD13's role in these biological processes highlights its importance in modulating local and systemic peptide pools which contributes to its diverse physiological effects.

Pathways

CD13 plays significant roles in the renin-angiotensin system and the regulation of inflammatory responses. In the renin-angiotensin system CD13 modulates the activity of angiotensin influencing blood pressure and fluid balance. Through its enzymatic activity CD13 interacts with proteins such as ACE another critical player in this pathway. In inflammation CD13 regulates the availability of chemotactic peptides affecting leukocyte migration and adhesion. The proteins it works with in inflammatory pathways include cytokines which CD13 indirectly modulates by altering chemokine activity.

Aberrant CD13 expression and activity are implicated in cancer and inflammatory diseases. In cancer overexpression of CD13 correlates with tumor growth and metastasis particularly in cancers like renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer. It can confer an increased malignant phenotype by promoting angiogenesis and immune evasion. In inflammatory disorders dysregulation of CD13 exacerbates diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis through its impact on peptide-mediated signaling and immune cell movement. Its connection with inflammatory cytokines like IL-8 indicates its important role in mediating inflammatory responses.