MTH1 overexpression 293T lysate (whole cell)

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The target MTH1 also known as NUDT1 or karonudib is a protein with a mass of approximately 18.5 kDa. This protein belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family and is expressed in various tissues including liver brain and pancreas. Mechanically MTH1 plays a role in hydrolyzing oxidized nucleotides like 8-oxo-dGTP and 2-OH-dATP preventing their incorporation into DNA and maintaining genomic integrity.

Biological function summary

MTH1 prevents the incorporation of oxidized purine nucleotides into DNA. Without MTH1 cells risk mutations that can lead to genomic instability. The protein does not form part of a larger complex but acts independently. MTH1 functions are particularly relevant in cell types with high oxidative stress or rapidly dividing cells where its activity helps to protect against oxidative damage.

Pathways

MTH1 fits into DNA repair and antioxidant defense systems. It is notably involved in pathways managing oxidative stress damage. MTH1 works alongside other proteins like superoxide dismutase and catalase contributing to the detoxification of reactive oxygen species ultimately protecting the DNA repair machinery from oxidative damage.

MTH1 relates to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. High MTH1 activity can be seen in cancer cells as these cells depend on MTH1 to prevent DNA damage from oxidative stress. In this context MTH1 pairs up with proteins like p53 which also has a role in maintaining genomic stability. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's oxidative stress plays an important role implicating MTH1 since it mitigates oxidative nucleotide damage that might worsen neuronal damage.