Anti-Caspase-11 antibody [EPR22717-11]

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Inflammatory caspase that acts as the effector of the non-canonical inflammasome by mediating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyroptosis (PubMed : 22002608, PubMed : 23348507, PubMed : 23887873, PubMed : 24031018, PubMed : 25119034, PubMed : 30135078, PubMed : 37001519, PubMed : 38632402). Also indirectly activates the NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasomes (PubMed : 26320999, PubMed : 30392956, PubMed : 37001519). Acts as a thiol protease that cleaves a tetrapeptide after an Asp residue at position P1 : catalyzes cleavage of CGAS and GSDMD (PubMed : 26375003, PubMed : 28314590, PubMed : 30392956, PubMed : 38632402). In contrast to its human ortholog, does not cleave IL18 (PubMed : 37993712, PubMed : 37993714). Effector of the non-canonical inflammasome independently of NLRP3 inflammasome and CASP1 : the non-canonical inflammasome promotes pyroptosis through GSDMD cleavage without involving secretion of cytokine IL1B and IL18 (PubMed : 22002608, PubMed : 22895188, PubMed : 23348507, PubMed : 23887873, PubMed : 24031018, PubMed : 26320999, PubMed : 26375003, PubMed : 30135078, PubMed : 30589883). In the non-canonical inflammasome, CASP4/CASP11 is activated by direct binding to the lipid A moiety of LPS without the need of an upstream sensor (PubMed : 22002608, PubMed : 23348507, PubMed : 25119034, PubMed : 37001519, PubMed : 38632402). LPS-binding promotes CASP4/CASP11 activation and CASP4/CASP11-mediated cleavage of GSDMD, followed by pyroptosis of infected cells and their extrusion into the gut lumen (PubMed : 22002608, PubMed : 23348507, PubMed : 25119034, PubMed : 38632402). Also indirectly promotes secretion of mature cytokines (IL1A, IL18 and HMGB1) downstream of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis via activation of the NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasomes (By similarity). Involved in NLRP3-dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion in response to non-canonical activators, such as UVB radiation or cholera enterotoxin (PubMed : 26320999). Involved in NLRP6 inflammasome-dependent activation in response to lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell-wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, which leads to CASP1 activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion (PubMed : 30392956). Involved in LPS-induced IL6 secretion; this activity may not require caspase enzymatic activity (By similarity). The non-canonical inflammasome is required for innate immunity to cytosolic, but not vacuolar, bacteria (PubMed : 23348507). Plays a crucial role in the restriction of S.typhimurium replication in colonic epithelial cells during infection (PubMed : 25121752, PubMed : 26375003, PubMed : 34671164). Activation of the non-canonical inflammasome in brain endothelial cells can lead to excessive pyroptosis, leading to blood-brain barrier breakdown (PubMed : 38632402). Pyroptosis limits bacterial replication, while cytokine secretion promotes the recruitment and activation of immune cells and triggers mucosal inflammation (PubMed : 25121752). May also act as an activator of adaptive immunity in dendritic cells, following activation by oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, an oxidized phospholipid (oxPAPC) (PubMed : 27103670). Cleavage of GSDMD is not strictly dependent on the consensus cleavage site but depends on an exosite interface on CASP4/CASP11 that recognizes and binds the Gasdermin-D, C-terminal (GSDMD-CT) part (PubMed : 32109412, PubMed : 32554464). In contrast, it does not directly process IL1B (PubMed : 8702803, PubMed : 9038361). During non-canonical inflammasome activation, cuts CGAS and may play a role in the regulation of antiviral innate immune activation (PubMed : 28314590).