Anti-Ki67 antibody [BLR021E]

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Protein that associates with the surface of mitotic chromosomes and acts both as a chromosome repellent during early mitosis and chromosome attractant during late mitosis (PubMed : 27362226, PubMed : 32879492, PubMed : 35513709, PubMed : 39153474). Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly (PubMed : 27362226). During early mitosis, relocalizes from nucleoli to the chromosome surface where it forms extended brush structures that cover a substantial fraction of the chromosome surface (PubMed : 27362226). The MKI67 brush structure prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier : the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility (PubMed : 27362226). During mitotic anaphase, the MKI67 brush structure collapses and MKI67 switches from a chromosome repellent to a chromosome attractant to promote chromosome clustering and facilitate the exclusion of large cytoplasmic particles from the future nuclear space (PubMed : 32879492, PubMed : 39153474). Mechanistically, dephosphorylation during mitotic exit and simultaneous exposure of a conserved basic patch induce the RNA-dependent formation of a liquid-like condensed phase on the chromosome surface, promoting coalescence of neighboring chromosome surfaces and clustering of chromosomes (PubMed : 39153474). Binds premature ribosomal RNAs during anaphase; promoting liquid-liquid phase separation (PubMed : 28935370, PubMed : 39153474). Binds DNA, with a preference for supercoiled DNA and AT-rich DNA (PubMed : 10878551). Does not contribute to the internal structure of mitotic chromosomes (By similarity). May play a role in chromatin organization; it is however unclear whether it plays a direct role in chromatin organization or whether it is an indirect consequence of its function in mitotic chromosome (PubMed : 24867636).