Anti-VGluT1 antibody [HL4544] - BSA and Azide free

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Multifunctional transporter that transports L-glutamate as well as multiple ions such as chloride, proton, potassium, sodium and phosphate (PubMed : 25433636, PubMed : 29273736, PubMed : 29642010, PubMed : 33440152). At the synaptic vesicle membrane, mainly functions as an uniporter which transports preferentially L-glutamate but also phosphate from the cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells (PubMed : 15103023, PubMed : 15118123, PubMed : 25433636, PubMed : 29642010). The L-glutamate or phosphate uniporter activity is electrogenic and is driven by the proton electrochemical gradient, mainly by the electrical gradient established by the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase across the synaptic vesicle membrane (PubMed : 29642010). In addition, functions as a chloride channel that allows a chloride permeation through the synaptic vesicle membrane that affects the proton electrochemical gradient and promotes synaptic vesicles acidification (PubMed : 25433636, PubMed : 29273736, PubMed : 29642010). Moreover, may function as a K(+)/H(+) antiport allowing to maintain the electrical gradient and to decrease chemical gradient and therefore sustain vesicular glutamate uptake (By similarity). The vesicular K(+)/H(+) antiport activity is electroneutral (By similarity). At the plasma membrane, following exocytosis, functions as a symporter of Na(+) and phosphate from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm allowing synaptic phosphate homeostasis regulation (PubMed : 29642010, PubMed : 33440152). The symporter activity is driven by an inside negative membrane potential and is electrogenic (PubMed : 29642010). Is necessary for synaptic signaling of visual-evoked responses from photoreceptors (PubMed : 17611277).