Recombinant human CD80 protein (Fc Chimera Active)
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This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Biological function summary
CD80 plays a significant role in the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self. It belongs to the B7 family and participates in the formation of immunological synapses between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. This interaction is essential for triggering T cell proliferation and cytokine production forming a part of the adaptive immune response. CD80's expression increases in response to pathogen recognition enhancing the immune system's efficiency.
Pathways
CD80 is integral to the regulation of T cell-mediated immune responses. It is involved in the CD28 co-stimulatory pathway which is vital for T cell activation and function. In this pathway CD80 interacts with proteins like CD28 and CTLA-4 to modulate immune activation and regulate immune tolerance. The proper function of CD80 within this pathway ensures a balanced immune reaction preventing autoimmunity while allowing effective defense against pathogens.
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기능
Costimulatory molecule that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays an important role in T-lymphocyte activation (PubMed : 38467718). Acts as the primary auxiliary signal augmenting the MHC/TCR signal in naive T-cells by acting as a ligand for the CD28 receptor which is constitutively expressed on the cell surface of T-cells (PubMed : 12196291). In turn, activates different signaling pathways such as NF-kappa-B or MAPK leading to the production of different cytokines (PubMed : 10438913). Also acts as an inhibitor of T-cell activation by acting as a ligand for CTLA4, a decoy receptor, thereby blocking CD28-mediated T-cell priming (PubMed : 10583602, PubMed : 11279502). In addition, CD28/CD80 costimulatory signal stimulates glucose metabolism and ATP synthesis of T-cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (PubMed : 12121659). Also acts as a regulator of PDL1/PDCD1 interactions to limit excess engagement of PDL1 and its inhibitory role in immune responses (PubMed : 36727298). Expressed on B-cells, plays a critical role in regulating interactions between B-cells and T-cells in both early and late germinal center responses, which are crucial for the generation of effective humoral immune responses (By similarity).. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for adenovirus subgroup B.
Post-translational modifications
Palmitoylated by ZDHHC20; palmitoylation protects CD80 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation, regulating the protein stability, and ensures its accurate plasma membrane localization.
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