Recombinant human GPCR GPR35 protein (His tag)

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G-protein coupled receptor that binds to several ligands including the tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) with high affinity, leading to rapid and transient activation of numerous intracellular signaling pathways (PubMed : 16754668, PubMed : 19473985, PubMed : 20361937, PubMed : 24347166, PubMed : 35148838, PubMed : 35926043). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase (PubMed : 19473985, PubMed : 35926043). GPR35 can couple with G(i)/G(o)- or G(12)/G(13) classes of G alpha proteins depending on the context, mediating the inhibition of adenylate cyclase or activation Rho small GTPases, respectively (PubMed : 19473985, PubMed : 35926043, PubMed : 36543774). KYNA-binding promotes monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium under flow conditions, leading to G(i)/GNAI1 activation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase (PubMed : 19473985). Involved in cardioprotection during ischemia by promoting mitochondrial remodeling : following KYNA-binding and G(i)/GNAI1 activation, GPR35 is internalized to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it inhibits mitochondrial adenylate cyclase (ADCY10), allowing ATPIF1 to repress ATP synthase activity (PubMed : 35926043). Stimulates lipid metabolism, thermogenic and anti-inflammatory gene expression in adipose tissue once activated by KYNA (By similarity). Plays a role in neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation and bacterial clearance through the major serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA that acts as a physiological ligand (PubMed : 35148838). In macrophages, activation by lysophosphatidic acid promotes GPR35-induced signaling with a distinct transcriptional profile characterized by TNF production associated with ERK and NF-kappa-B activation (By similarity). In turn, induces chemotaxis of macrophages (By similarity).

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G-protein coupled receptor 35, Kynurenic acid receptor, KYNA receptor, GPR35