Recombinant Human HAND1 protein (denatured) (His tag N-Terminus)

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HAND1 also known as eHAND or Thing1 is a transcription factor with a mass of approximately 23 kDa. It belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors and acts by binding to DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. HAND1 plays a role in dimer formation usually forming heterodimers with other bHLH proteins. This target expresses predominantly in the heart and in extraembryonic tissues such as the placenta and trophoblast. During various stages of development HAND1 shows different expression patterns depending on the tissue type.

Biological function summary

The function of HAND1 involves critical roles in differentiation and development especially in cardiac development and placental formation. HAND1 is part of a transcriptional complex that guides embryonic cells into specific lineages. It influences cardiomyocyte proliferation and contributes to the structural formation of the developing heart. In placental tissues HAND1 controls trophoblast differentiation which is essential for proper placenta development and function.

Pathways

HAND1 interacts with several biological pathways notably the Wnt signaling pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway. These pathways control cell proliferation differentiation and migration which are important for development. HAND1 forms functional relationships with other proteins such as HAND2 during these processes ensuring proper transcriptional regulation needed for developmental decisions. Wnt signaling can modulate HAND1 activity indirectly by influencing the expression of dimer partners.

HAND1 relates to congenital heart defects and pre-eclampsia. Variations in HAND1 expression or mutations can disrupt normal cardiac morphogenesis leading to structural heart issues present at birth. In placental disorders like pre-eclampsia altered HAND1 expression can affect trophoblast differentiation and placental function. The interaction with other proteins such as GATA4 highlights its role in pathogenesis. Understanding HAND1's function and regulatory mechanisms provides insights into the development of these conditions.