Recombinant Human IFNA5 protein (GST tag N-Terminus)

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Interferon alpha-5 (IFNA5) also known as leukocyte interferon is part of the larger family of type I interferons. This protein weighs about 20 kilodaltons. It expresses mainly in leukocytes or white blood cells where it plays a role in the body's immune response. IFNA5 involves itself in antiviral defenses helping to identify and fight viral pathogens.

Biological function summary

This interferon functions in immune modulation and antiviral defense mechanisms. IFNA5 does not operate alone; it is involved with other signaling molecules to exert its effects contributing to a multi-protein complex known as the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3). This complex activates the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes which are key players in the body's defense against viruses and other pathogens.

Pathways

Interferon alpha-5 contributes significantly to the Jak-STAT signaling pathway pivotal for transmitting information from chemical signals outside the cell to the cell nucleus. In this pathway it frequently interacts with proteins like Jak1 and STAT1 both essential in propagating antiviral and cellular defense signals. IFNA5 also engages in the innate immune response cooperating with other proteins to maintain and enhance defense against infectious agents.

Interferon alpha-5 has associations with viral infections and autoimmune diseases. Its dysregulation can result in disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic hepatitis B. In these conditions altered levels of IFNA5 may influence the severity and progression of the disease through their interaction with other proteins such as IRF7 and IL-6 which can contribute to inflammatory responses or immune system abnormalities.