Recombinant Human Ki67 Protein Standard (His tag)

일반 정보

기능

Protein that associates with the surface of mitotic chromosomes and acts both as a chromosome repellent during early mitosis and chromosome attractant during late mitosis (PubMed : 27362226, PubMed : 32879492, PubMed : 35513709, PubMed : 39153474). Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly (PubMed : 27362226). During early mitosis, relocalizes from nucleoli to the chromosome surface where it forms extended brush structures that cover a substantial fraction of the chromosome surface (PubMed : 27362226). The MKI67 brush structure prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier : the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility (PubMed : 27362226). During mitotic anaphase, the MKI67 brush structure collapses and MKI67 switches from a chromosome repellent to a chromosome attractant to promote chromosome clustering and facilitate the exclusion of large cytoplasmic particles from the future nuclear space (PubMed : 32879492, PubMed : 39153474). Mechanistically, dephosphorylation during mitotic exit and simultaneous exposure of a conserved basic patch induce the RNA-dependent formation of a liquid-like condensed phase on the chromosome surface, promoting coalescence of neighboring chromosome surfaces and clustering of chromosomes (PubMed : 39153474). Binds premature ribosomal RNAs during anaphase; promoting liquid-liquid phase separation (PubMed : 28935370, PubMed : 39153474). Binds DNA, with a preference for supercoiled DNA and AT-rich DNA (PubMed : 10878551). Does not contribute to the internal structure of mitotic chromosomes (By similarity). May play a role in chromatin organization; it is however unclear whether it plays a direct role in chromatin organization or whether it is an indirect consequence of its function in mitotic chromosome (PubMed : 24867636).

Post-translational modifications

Hyperphosphorylated by CDK1 in mitosis; hyperphosphorylatiom prevents undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation (PubMed:10502411, PubMed:10653604, PubMed:25012651, PubMed:39153474). Dephosphorylated by PPP1CC at the onset of anaphase (PubMed:25012651). Dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) at the onset of anaphase (By similarity). Dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and simultaneous exposure of the positively charged patch (CP) during mitotic exit induce the RNA-dependent formation of a liquid-like condensed phase on the chromosome surface (PubMed:39153474).. Ubiquitinated by the APC/C complex after neuronal progenitors exit mitosis during brain development, leading to clearance from constitutive heterochromatin.

Subcellular localisation

Nucleus