Recombinant Human MT1E protein (GST tag N-Terminus)

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The target MT1E also known as Metallothionein 1E is a small protein with a molecular mass of approximately 6 to 7 kDa. It binds heavy metals through cysteine residues playing an important role in metal ion homeostasis and detoxification. MT1E expression appears mostly in tissues like the liver kidney and pancreas. High expression levels in these tissues suggest its involvement in managing metal toxicity and protecting against oxidative damage.

Biological function summary

MT1E contributes significantly to cellular responses by participating in metal ion exchange and storage. It does not form large protein complexes but it does interact transiently with various metal ions and serves as a reactive oxygen species scavenger. By sequestering excess metal ions it maintains cellular metal balance and protects cells from metal-induced oxidative stress which highlights its importance in maintaining metabolic stability.

Pathways

MT1E plays a role in the regulation of metal ion homeostasis and response to oxidative stress. The protein participates in the metallothionein pathway interacting with other metallothioneins like MT1A and MT2A which collectively govern metal ion buffering in cells. The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway also involves MT1E because of its ability to respond to changes in redox status and influence antioxidant defenses in the cell.

MT1E displays associations with heavy metal toxicity and certain cancers. Elevated levels of MT1E can indicate an adaptive response to heavy metal exposure and it often co-expresses with other metallothionein proteins like MT1G under such toxic conditions. Moreover dysregulation of MT1E correlates with cancer progression where altered metal homeostasis and oxidative stress play a role in disease mechanisms suggesting MT1E as a potential marker of tumor resistance mechanisms.