Recombinant Human Neuropeptide Y protein (GST tag N-Terminus)

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) a 36 amino acid peptide functions mechanically as a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Alternate names include porcine peptide YY. The molecular weight of Neuropeptide Y is approximately 4 kDa. It expresses primarily in regions of the brain such as the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system as well as in other tissues including the heart adrenal glands and white adipose tissue.

Biological function summary

Neuropeptide Y plays an important role in regulating various physiological processes. It is not typically part of a complex but acts directly on specific receptors mainly Y1 Y2 Y4 and Y5. Neuropeptide Y affects food intake behavior stress response circadian rhythm and cardiovascular regulation. It does so by modulating the release of other neurotransmitters or hormones having a significant impact on energy balance and homeostasis.

Pathways

Neuropeptide Y plays a pivotal role in neurobiological signaling pathways especially those involving stress and energy homeostasis. In the hypothalamus NPY influences energy balance by interacting with the melanocortin pathway an important modulator of appetite and energy expenditure. It also interacts with proteins such as pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in these signaling pathways highlighting its integration into complex physiological processes that maintain homeostasis.

Neuropeptide Y shows a significant connection to metabolic disorders and stress-related conditions. Dysregulation of NPY signaling has been implicated in obesity given its role in promoting food intake and energy storage. Additionally altered Neuropeptide Y activity links to anxiety and depression diseases involving stress-response dysregulation. Proteins like leptin which interacts with NPY in pathways governing hunger and energy allocation provide another layer of regulation affecting these conditions.