Recombinant Human Prolactin Receptor/PRL-R protein (His tag)

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Prolactin receptor (PRL-R) also known as PRL receptor is a protein that binds prolactin a hormone essential for lactation and various other biological processes. PRL-R is a member of the type I cytokine receptor family and is located on cell surfaces. It has several isoforms including the full form and the delta 2772 variant. The receptor weighs approximately 80 kDa and is widely expressed in tissues such as the mammary gland liver and immune cells.

Biological function summary

The prolactin receptor plays a significant role in regulating lactation reproductive and immunological functions. It binds prolactin to form a ligand-receptor complex initiating signal transduction pathways within cells. PRL-R is not part of a larger complex but instead activates intracellular signaling cascades leading to various cellular responses including growth and differentiation. This receptor is important for normal breast development and differentiation during pregnancy and lactation phases.

Pathways

PRL-R participates in the JAK2-STAT5 and PI3K-AKT pathways. These pathways are vital for mediating the biological effects of prolactin on cell division and survival. The JAK2-STAT5 pathway facilitates the transcription of genes involved in growth and proliferation while the PI3K-AKT pathway is important for metabolism and cell survival. PRL-R functionally interacts with proteins such as JAK2 which phosphorylates STAT5 propagating the signal initiated by receptor engagement.

Prolactin receptor abnormalities can be tied to breast cancer and prolactinoma. Dysregulation of PRL-R through overexpression or mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and contribute to cancer development particularly in breast tissue. Prolactinoma a pituitary gland tumor leads to excessive production of prolactin exacerbating PRL-R activity. In these contexts proteins like estrogen receptor in breast cancer and pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in prolactinoma may be intertwined with prolactin receptor-related disease processes.