Recombinant Human RELM beta protein

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RELM beta also known as Resistin-Like Molecule Beta or FIZZ2 is a cysteine-rich secreted protein with an approximate mass of 19 kDa. This protein expresses mainly in tissues like the colon small intestine and adipose tissue. It belongs to the resistin-like molecule (RELM) family which is known for its similarities in amino acid sequence and structural features. RELM beta usually gets secreted by epithelial cells particularly in the intestinal region which suggests its active involvement in the gut environment.

Biological function summary

The RELM beta protein modulates immune responses and interacts with elements of the metabolic processes. It plays a role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity affecting inflammatory cascades through its cytokine-like activities. Although it is not part of a large complex RELM beta influences receptor signaling pathways and can affect macrophages and other immune cells. Its activity on energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism indicates key interactions in metabolic pathways influencing overall cellular functions.

Pathways

RELM beta prominently interacts with pathways involved in inflammation and metabolism. It participates in the NF-kB signaling pathway which is a central mediator in inflammation and immune responses. Also it connects to the adipokine signaling pathway where it works alongside other resistin family proteins. Through these pathways RELM beta coordinates with proteins like TNF-alpha and IL-6 in modulating inflammation and energy balance.

RELM beta relates to conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and type 2 diabetes. Its increased expression associates with elevated inflammatory states found in IBD and insights suggest a role in disease progression through interactions with proteins like IL-1β. In type 2 diabetes the regulation of glucose homeostasis implicates RELM beta as a participant in metabolic dysregulation. Changes in RELM beta expression can influence risk factors potentially in conjunction with other mediators like insulin.