Recombinant Human TNFL9 Protein (Active)

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This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The 4-1BBL protein also known as CD137L or 4-1BB ligand acts mechanically as a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. The 4-1BBL with a mass of around 36 kDa exists as a type II transmembrane protein. It gets expressed on activated antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells macrophages and B cells. This costimulatory molecule primarily interacts with its receptor 4-1BB (CD137) on T cells promoting their activation.

Biological function summary

The 4-1BBL protein plays an important role in mediating the co-stimulatory signal needed for T-cell proliferation survival and cytokine production. This protein contributes to the formation of the immunological synapse and doesn't exist alone but rather interacts directly with its receptor CD137 forming a receptor-ligand complex. The 4-1BBL-CD137 interaction strengthens signals delivered by the T-cell receptor enhancing immune responses.

Pathways

The 4-1BBL protein integrates into immune-related signaling pathways. It significantly impacts the NF-kB and MAPK pathways important for T cell survival and activation. The interaction between 4-1BBL and its related proteins such as the 4-1BB/CD137 receptor initiates downstream cascades that lead to the activation of transcription factors involved in immune response.

The 4-1BBL protein connects to conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Overexpression or dysregulation of 4-1BBL has associations with autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis due to prolonged T cell activation. In cancer 4-1BBL's interaction with CD137 has potential therapeutic implications with efforts to harness this axis to bolster anti-tumor immunity. The modulation of 4-1BBL activity can influence disease outcomes highlighting its significance as a target for therapeutic interventions.