Recombinant human VEGFD protein (His tag)

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VEGFD also known as vascular endothelial growth factor D plays a role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by interacting with VEGF receptors. This protein has a molecular mass of approximately 32 kDa. It is typically expressed in the lungs heart skeletal muscle and small intestine. VEGFD undergoes several proteolytic processes to gain full activity highlighting its functional complexity in the body.

Biological function summary

Vascular endothelial growth factor D promotes the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells facilitating vascular formation and remodeling. It forms part of the VEGF protein family which is known for its involvement in various vascular processes. The protein's action is largely mediated through its binding to VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. This binding activates downstream signaling pathways that contribute to the growth and maintenance of blood and lymphatic vessels.

Pathways

The functioning of VEGFD is important in the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. These pathways are essential for the regulation of cellular processes such as survival growth and motility of endothelial cells. VEGFD is closely related to other members of the VEGF family including VEGFA and VEGFC which similarly interact with VEGF receptors to regulate vascular development and function.

Abnormal levels or activity of VEGFD can lead to pathological conditions such as cancer and lymphedema. In several cancers VEGFD is implicated in tumor angiogenesis aiding the tumor in acquiring nutrients and oxygen. Furthermore in lymphedema issues related to lymphatic vessel development can involve VEGFD alongside VEGFC contributing to fluid retention and tissue swelling. These associations highlight the importance of understanding VEGFD's functions in various pathological contexts.