Recombinant Mouse CD161 protein (His tag)

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CD161 also known as NKRP1A or KLRB1 is a type II transmembrane protein expressed primarily on natural killer (NK) cells and subsets of T cells. Weighing approximately 30-40 kDa CD161 functions as a C-type lectin receptor involved in the immune response. Its expression can be detected in various tissues including the liver and spleen. Researchers utilize tools such as mouse CD161 PE as well as CD161 APC antibodies for study of its cell surface expression and role in immune modulation.

Biological function summary

CD161 plays a role in immune system regulation by mediating NK cell and T cell activity. It does not operate as part of a complex but interacts with other cellular receptors to modulate immune responses. For example it serves as an inhibitory receptor often through engagement with its ligand LLT1 to temper immune responses and prevent overactivation. This balance is key to maintaining immune homeostasis and facilitates pathogen clearance while avoiding excessive tissue damage.

Pathways

CD161 is involved in the immune checkpoint pathways and is linked to inflammatory response signaling. These pathways play an important role in the immune system's ability to discern self from non-self determining the intensity and character of the body's defense mechanisms. Other proteins such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 also function within these pathways contributing to the regulation of immune cell activity and preventing autoimmunity.

CD161 is associated with inflammatory diseases and cancer. Its involvement in immune checkpoints implicates it in conditions such as autoimmune diseases where it may fail to properly regulate immune activity including multiple sclerosis. In cancer CD161 expression on T cells has been examined in the context of its inhibitory role potentially modulating the immune system's ability to target tumor cells effectively. In these scenarios its interaction with LLT1 and other immune checkpoint proteins influences the disease course and therapeutic outcomes.