Recombinant Mouse SAA3 protein

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Serum Amyloid A3 (SAA3) is a member of the serum amyloid A family of proteins and is known for its acute-phase response activity. This protein has an approximate mass of 14 kDa. SAA3 expression is mainly found in extrahepatic tissues in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. It increases quickly during inflammation and tissue injury serving as a sensitive marker for inflammatory diseases. SAA3's function in the immune response makes it an important protein for researchers studying inflammation and related conditions.

Biological function summary

SAA3 modulates inflammatory responses and may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. SAA3 proteins can associate with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the bloodstream. Such association changes the lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport affecting the body's inflammatory state. The protein also participates in attracting immune cells like leukocytes to the site of inflammation contributing to immune surveillance and tissue repair.

Pathways

Several studies show that SAA3 participates in the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) pathways. These pathways are key regulators of the immune response. SAA3 activation can lead to increased cytokine production such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Its interactions with other SAAs suggest an overlap in their immune-modulating roles making them important players in systemic inflammation.

SAA3 is linked to conditions like chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. In rheumatoid arthritis for instance elevated levels of SAA3 correlate with disease severity implicating it as a potential biomarker. The protein is also associated with atherosclerosis where it may influence the development of arterial plaques. Its connection to SAA1 and SAA2 which are also related to inflammation and amyloid deposition highlights a broader role for SAAs in inflammatory and amyloid-related pathologies.