CD69

Developmental stage

Earliest inducible cell surface glycoprotein acquired during lymphoid activation.

Function

Transmembrane protein expressed mainly on T-cells resident in mucosa that plays an essential role in immune cell homeostasis. Rapidly expressed on the surface of platelets, T-lymphocytes and NK cells upon activation by various stimuli, such as antigen recognition or cytokine signaling, stimulates different signaling pathways in different cell types (PubMed:24752896, PubMed:26296369, PubMed:35930205). Negatively regulates Th17 cell differentiation through its carbohydrate dependent interaction with galectin-1/LGALS1 present on immature dendritic cells (PubMed:24752896). Association of CD69 cytoplasmic tail with the JAK3/STAT5 signaling pathway regulates the transcription of RORgamma/RORC and, consequently, differentiation toward the Th17 lineage (By similarity). Also acts via the S100A8/S100A9 complex present on peripheral blood mononuclear cells to promote the conversion of naive CD4 T-cells into regulatory T-cells (PubMed:26296369). Acts as an oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) receptor in CD4 T-lymphocytes and negatively regulates the inflammatory response by inducing the expression of PDCD1 through the activation of NFAT (PubMed:35930205). Participates in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs)-mediated protection against P.aeruginosa infection. Mechanistically, specifically recognizes P.aeruginosa to promote ERK1 activation, followed by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and other inflammatory cytokines secretion (PubMed:34841721). In eosinophils, induces IL-10 production through the ERK1/2 pathway (By similarity). Negatively regulates the chemotactic responses of effector lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) to sphingosine 1 phosphate/S1P by acting as a S1PR1 receptor agonist and facilitating the internalization and degradation of the receptor (PubMed:37039481).

Post-translational modifications

Constitutive Ser/Thr phosphorylation in both mature thymocytes and activated T-lymphocytes.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed on the surface of activated T-cells, B-cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, epidermal Langerhans cells and platelets.

Cellular localization

• Cell membrane
• Single-pass type II membrane protein

Alternative names

CD69, CLEC2C, Early activation antigen CD69, Activation inducer molecule, BL-AC/P26, C-type lectin domain family 2 member C, EA1, Early T-cell activation antigen p60, GP32/28, Leukocyte surface antigen Leu-23, MLR-3, AIM

Database links

swissprot:Q07108 entrezGene:969 omim:107273

Other research areas

• Immuno-oncology