TAC1
GeneName
TAC1
Summary
TAC1, also known as LAT1, SPK, or neurokinin A, is a 15kDa neuropeptide precursor that plays a vital role in the nervous system. It is primarily expressed in neuronal tissues and is localised in various subcellular compartments, including the axon, synapse, and extracellular region. TAC1 is involved in cell-cell signalling and is known for its binding to substance P receptors, which mediates several physiological processes. It contributes to chemical synaptic transmission and is implicated in pathways related to pain perception, inflammatory responses, and neuropeptide signalling, influencing both long-term memory and learning processes.
Importance
TAC1 is relevant to: - Pain modulation and sensory perception, particularly in the context of inflammatory pain and neurogenic inflammation - Neurodegenerative diseases and conditions associated with altered neuropeptide signalling - Regulation of cardiovascular functions through its influence on heart rate and blood pressure - Learning and memory processes, highlighting its role in cognitive functions - The inflammatory response, contributing to the understanding of immune system interactions and potential therapeutic targets
Top Products
For researchers investigating TAC1, we recommend two primary antibodies that stand out for their performance. The first is the well-cited monoclonal antibody, Anti-Substance P antibody [SP-DE4-21] (ab14184), which has garnered 63 citations and is highly regarded for its effectiveness in immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC). This antibody is a trusted choice for those looking to study TAC1 in detail. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-Substance P antibody [EPR3959] (ab133240), which is validated for IHC. This recombinant option provides the added benefit of batch-to-batch consistency, making it an excellent choice for researchers who require reliable results in their experiments. The Anti-TAC1 antibody [EPR26567-18-1-3] ELISA Kit (ab307138) is an excellent option for researchers looking to study TAC1 in their experiments.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that TAC1 is being studied in various contexts related to developmental dysplasia of the hip and osteoarthritis in humans, as well as in the interaction of specific neuronal fibers in rats. The use of multiple applications such as Western blot and immunohistochemistry highlights the importance of TAC1 in these biological processes.
Abcam Product Citation Table
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Function
Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles.
Substance P
Is a ligand for TACR1, and triggers G protein-coupled receptor signaling via activation of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis by phospholipase C. Substance P binding to TACR1 also triggers signaling via activation of adenylate cyclase activity which results in increased intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (By similarity). Is also a TACR3 agonist with low receptor affinity (PubMed:37391393). Basic secretagogue neuropeptide released from the terminals of specific sensory nerves (PubMed:30686732). Acts as a ligand for MRGPRX2 receptor in mast cells, initiating a signaling that mediates neurogenic inflammation and pain (PubMed:30686732, PubMed:34789875). Neurogenic inflammation includes mast cell activation, recruitment of immune cells and release of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines (By similarity). The inflammatory response can then activate or sensitize nociceptors, promoting pain (By similarity).
Neurokinin A
Is a ligand for TACR2, and triggers G protein-coupled receptor signaling via activation of G(q) and phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis by phospholipase C (PubMed:35882833). Binding to TACR2 also triggers signaling via activation of adenylate cyclase activity which results in increased intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
Post-translational modifications
Substance P
The substance P form is cleaved at Pro-59 by the prolyl endopeptidase FAP (seprase) activity (in vitro) (PubMed:21314817). Substance P is also cleaved and degraded by Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neprilysin (MME) (PubMed:6208535).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the tachykinin family.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
- Substance P
- Secreted
Alternative names
NKA, NKNA, TAC2, TAC1, Protachykinin-1, PPT