Astrocyte markers
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A guide to choosing the best astrocyte markers.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells and serve a wide variety of functions in the central nervous system, which are vital for brain development, physiology and pathology.
GFAP
An intermediate filament and major component of the astrocyte cytoskeleton.
Human hippocampus tissue section stained with anti-GFAP (ab68428).
EAAT1/GLAST
An astrocyte-specific glutamate transporter.
Rat cerebral cortex tissue sections stained with anti-EAAT1 (ab181036).
Browse all EAAT1/GLAST antibodies
Selective EAAT1 inhibitors: UCPH-101 (ab120309) and UCPH-102 (ab146404)
EAAT2/GLT-1
An astrocyte-specific glutamate transporter.
Mouse striatum tissue sections stained with anti-EAAT2 (green) (ab205248).
Browse all EAAT2/GLT-1 antibodies
Selective EAAT2 inhibitor: Dihydrokainic acid (ab120066)
Stimulator of EAAT2 expression: Ceftriaxone (ab120871)
Potent and competitive EAAT1-4 inhibitor: L-(-)-threo-3-Hydroxyaspartic acid (ab146130)
Potent and competitive EAAT2, EAAT4 and EAAT5 inhibitor: L-trans-Pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (ab146131)
Glutamine synthetase
An enzyme involved in the metabolism of nitrogen. In the brain it is primarily found in astrocytes.
Mouse cerebrum tissue sections stained with anti-glutamine synthetase (green) (ab176562).
S100 beta
A calcium binding protein, also found in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Double labeling with NG2 will distinguish the OPCs from the astrocytes.
Rat cerebrum tissue sections stained with anti-S100 beta (green) (ab52642).
ALDH1L1
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, NADP+ and water to tetrahydrofolate, NADPH and CO2.
Human kidney tissue sections stained with anti-ALDH1L1 (ab177463).
References
- Abrahamsen, B. et al. Allosteric modulation of an excitatory amino acid transporter: the subtype-selective inhibitor UCPH-101 exerts sustained inhibition of EAAT1 through an intramonomeric site in the trimerization domain. J. Neurosci. 33, 1068–87 (2013).
- Cahoy, J. D. et al. A transcriptome database for astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes: a new resource for understanding brain development and function. J. Neurosci. 28, 264–78 (2008).
- Dimou, L. & Götz, M. Glial Cells as Progenitors and Stem Cells: New Roles in the Healthy and Diseased Brain. Physiol. Rev. 94, 709–737 (2014).
- Kriegstein, A. R. & Götz, M. Radial glia diversity: A matter of cell fate. Glia 43, 37–43 (2003).
- Lee, S.-G. et al. Mechanism of ceftriaxone induction of excitatory amino acid transporter-2 expression and glutamate uptake in primary human astrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 13116–23 (2008).
- Medrano, M. C., Gerrikagoitia, I., Martínez-Millán, L., Mendiguren, A. & Pineda, J. Functional and morphological characterization of glutamate transporters in the rat locus coeruleus. Br. J. Pharmacol. 169, 1781–94 (2013).
- Shigeri, Y. et al. Effects of threo-β-hydroxyaspartate derivatives on excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT4 and EAAT5). J. Neurochem. 79, 297–302 (2008).