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Astrocyte markers

Related

  • Neural markers guide
      • Neuroinflammation resources
        • Guide to microglia markers
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            • Neuroinflammation research tools
                • Recombinant antibodies

                  Your at-a-glance guide to astrocyte markers.

                  Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cellst that serve a wide variety of functions in the central nervous system. They are vital for brain development, physiology and pathology.

                  GFAP

                  Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament and major component of the astrocyte cytoskeleton.

                  We recommend Recombinant Anti-GFAP antibody [EPR1034Y] (ab68428). 

                  Image (left): Human hippocampus tissue section stained with  anti-GFAP (ab68428).

                  Browse all GFAP antibodies


                  ​EAAT1/GLAST

                  Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) is an astrocyte-specific glutamate transporter. It may also be known as glutamate aspartate Transporter (GLAST). 

                  We recommend Recombinant Anti-EAAT1 antibody [EPR12686] (ab181036). 

                  Recommended selective EAAT1 inhibitors: UCPH-101 (ab120309) and UCPH-102 (ab146404)

                  Image (left): Rat cerebral cortex tissue sections stained with anti-EAAT1 (ab181036).

                  Browse all EAAT1/GLAST antibodies


                  EAAT2/GLT-1

                  Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is an astrocyte-specific glutamate transporter. EAAT2 has many alternative names including solute carrier family 1 member 2 (SLC1A2) and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1). 

                  We recommend Recombinant Anti-EAAT2 antibody [EPR19798] (ab205248). 

                  BiochemicalRecommended product
                  Selective EAAT2 inhibitorDihydrokainic acid (ab120066)
                  Stimulator of EAAT2 expressionCeftriaxone (ab120871)
                  Potent and competitive EAAT1-4 inhibitor L-(-)-threo-3-Hydroxyaspartic acid (ab146130)
                  Potent and competitive EAAT2, EAAT4 and EAAT5 inhibitorL-trans-Pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (ab146131)

                  Image (left): Mouse striatum tissue sections stained with anti-EAAT2 (green) (ab205248).

                  Browse all EAAT2/GLT-1 antibodies


                  Glutamine synthetase

                  This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of nitrogen. In the brain it is primarily found in astrocytes.

                  We recommend Recombinant Anti-Glutamine Synthetase antibody [EPR13022(B)] (ab176562). 

                  Image (left): Mouse cerebrum tissue sections stained with anti-glutamine synthetase (green) (ab176562).

                  Browse all glutamine synthetase antibodies


                  S100 beta

                  This is a calcium binding protein, also found in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Double labeling with NG2 will distinguish the OPCs from the astrocytes.

                  We recommend Recombinant Anti-S100 beta antibody [EP1576Y] - Astrocyte Marker (ab52642). 

                  Image (left): Rat cerebrum tissue sections stained with  anti-S100 beta (green) (ab52642).

                  Browse all S100 beta antibodies


                  ALDH1L1

                  Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, NADP+ and water to tetrahydrofolate, NADPH and CO2.

                  We recommend Recombinant Anti-ALDH1L1 antibody [EPR12743(B)] (ab177463). 

                  Image (left): Human kidney tissue sections stained with anti-ALDH1L1 (ab177463).

                  Browse all ALDH1L1 antibodies



                  References

                  • Abrahamsen, B. et al. Allosteric modulation of an excitatory amino acid transporter: the subtype-selective inhibitor UCPH-101 exerts sustained inhibition of EAAT1 through an intramonomeric site in the trimerization domain. J. Neurosci. 33, 1068–87 (2013).
                  • Cahoy, J. D. et al. A transcriptome database for astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes: a new resource for understanding brain development and function. J. Neurosci. 28, 264–78 (2008).
                  • Dimou, L. & Götz, M. Glial Cells as Progenitors and Stem Cells: New Roles in the Healthy and Diseased Brain. Physiol. Rev. 94, 709–737 (2014).
                  • Kriegstein, A. R. & Götz, M. Radial glia diversity: A matter of cell fate. Glia 43, 37–43 (2003).
                  • Lee, S.-G. et al. Mechanism of ceftriaxone induction of excitatory amino acid transporter-2 expression and glutamate uptake in primary human astrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 13116–23 (2008).
                  • Medrano, M. C., Gerrikagoitia, I., Martínez-Millán, L., Mendiguren, A. & Pineda, J. Functional and morphological characterization of glutamate transporters in the rat locus coeruleus. Br. J. Pharmacol. 169, 1781–94 (2013).
                  • Shigeri, Y. et al. Effects of threo-β-hydroxyaspartate derivatives on excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT4 and EAAT5). J. Neurochem. 79, 297–302 (2008).
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