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Neural markers

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  • Browse directly conjugated neural markers
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                              ​​Neurons and glia express unique sets of transcription factors, enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, and receptors. Ensure you are choosing the best neural subtype markers with our easy-to-use guides. 

                              Click on the image below to explore neural markers.  

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                              Download a PDF of our neural markers booklet.


                              Synaptic transmission

                              Synaptic transmission is the process by which signaling neurotransmitters are released by the pre-synaptic neuron and subsequently bind and activate receptors of the postsynaptic neuron.


                              During synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters accumulate in synaptic vesicles and are released by exocytosis from the pre-synaptic neuron. The neurotransmitters subsequently diffuse across the synaptic cleft, bind and activate receptors of the postsynaptic neuron.


                              Binding then provokes an electrical change in the post-synaptic neuron. Following release from the pre-synaptic neuron, neurotransmitters are rapidly removed, either by enzymatic destruction or by re-uptake into the pre-synaptic neuron.


                              Neurotransmitters during synaptic transmission

                              There are a large number of neurotransmitter types. Common neurotransmitter types are:


                              Amino acids:Monamines:Neuropeptides:Others types:
                              GABADopamineSubstance PAcetylcholine
                              GlutamateSerotoninEndorphinsPurines
                              GlycineHistamineEnkephalins-
                              AspartateNorepinephrineSomatostatin-
                              --LHRH-
                              --Opioids-

                              There are a variety of key receptors and transporters which play an important role in synaptic transmission and are essential in transporting the various neurotransmitters across biological membranes to various cellular and subcellular locations.


                              Summary of neural markers


                              Cell typeMarkers
                              Neuroepithelial cellsNestin, SOX2, Notch1, HES1, HES3, E-cadherin, occludin.
                              Radial gliaVimentin, nestin, PAX6, HES1, HES5, GFAP, GLAST, BLBP, TN-C, N-cadherin, SOX2.
                              Intermediate progenitorsTBR2, MASH1/Ascl1.
                              Immature neuronsDoublecortin, beta III tubulin, NeuroD1, TBR1, stathmin 1.
                              Oligodendrocyte precursor cellsPDGF receptor alpha, NG2.
                              Mature oligodendrocytesOlig 1, olig 2, olig 3, MBP, OSP, MOG, SOX10.
                              Schwann cellsMPZ, NCAM, GAP43, S100, P75NTR.
                              AstrocytesGFAP, EAAT1/GLAST, EAAT2/GLT-1, glutamine synthetase, S100 beta, ALDH1L1.
                              MicrogliaTMEM119, CD11b, CD45, Iba1, CX3CR1, F4/80, CD68, CD40.
                              Mature neuronsNeuN, MAP2, 160 kDa neurofilament medium, 200kDa neurofilament heavy, synaptophysin, PSD95.
                              Glutamatergic neuronsVGLUT1, VGLUT2, NMDAR1, NMDAR2B, glutaminase, glutamine synthetase.
                              GABAergic neuronsGABA transporter 1, GABAB receptors 1 and 2, GAD65, GAD67.
                              Dopaminergic neuronsTyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, FOXA2, GIRK2, Nurr1, LMX1B
                              Serotonergic neuronsTryptophan hydroxylase, serotonin transporter, Pet1.
                              Cholinergic neuronsCholine acetyltransferase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, acetylcholinesterase
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