Human CD markers chart
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List and summary of all human CD antigens from CD1a to CD371.
Updated August 5, 2021
The cluster of differentiation (CD) is a nomenclature system conceived to identify and classify antigens found on the cell surface of leukocytes. Initially, surface antigens were named after the monoclonal antibodies that bound to them. As there were often multiple monoclonal antibodies raised against each antigen in different labs, the need arose to adopt a consistent nomenclature. The current system was adopted in 1982 through the 1st International Workshop and Conference on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA). The Human Cell Differentiation Molecules organization continues to hold HLDA conferences to maintain and develop the list of known CD markers.
Under this naming system, antigens that are well characterized are assigned an arbitrary number (eg CD1, CD2 etc) whereas molecules that are recognized by just one monoclonal antibody are given the provisional designation “CDw” eg CDw50. Lower class letters are also added after the assigned number to indicate larger molecules that share a common chain, for example CD1a or CD1d. Physiologically, CD molecules do not belong in any particular class, with their functions ranging widely from cell surface receptors to adhesion molecules. Although initially used just for human leukocytes, the CD molecule naming convention has now been expanded to cover different species (eg mouse) as well as other cell types. As of April 2016, human CD antigens are numbered up to CD371.
The presence or absence of a specific antigen from the surface of a particular cell population is denoted with “+” or “-" respectively. Varying cellular expression levels are also marked as hi or low, for example central memory T-cells are CD62Lhi whereas effector memory T-cells are CD62Llow. Monitoring the expression profiles of different CD antigens has permitted the identification, isolation and phenotyping of cell types according to their function in various immune processes.
Use the table below to find your target of interest, with corresponding information from relevant scientific literature and the Human Cell Differentiation Molecules (HCDM) organization. Select a target name to find related products.
Download your human CD antigen guide pdf.
Jump to: CD100 | CD200 | CD300a
| Target Name | Alternative name(s) | Expression | Functions |
| CD1a | - | Cortical thymocytes, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells and certain T-cell leukemias. | Mediates the presentation of lipid and glycolipid antigens to T-cells.1 |
| CD1b | - | Cortical thymocytes, Langerhans cells and dendritic cells. | Non-peptide antigen presentation to T-cell receptors on NKT cells.1 |
| CD1c 3 | - | Cortical thymocytes, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells and B-cell subsets. | |
| CD1d | R3G1 | Intestinal epithelial cells, B-cell subsets, cortical thymocytes, dendritic cells and certain T-cell leukemias. | |
| CD1e | R2G1, HSCDIEL | Cortical thymocytes, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells and certain T-cell leukemias. | Non-peptide antigen presentation.1 |
| CD2 | SRBC, T11 | Natural killer cells, T- and B-cells, monocytes/ macrophages, dendritic cells. | T-cell activation. Adhesion between T-cells and other cell types. Triggers potent proximal T-cell signaling response. Regulates allergic airway inflammation.4 |
| CD3d | T3D, OKT3 | Invariant chain expressed on mature T-cells and thymocytes. | T-cell development5 and signal transduction. |
| CD3e 6 | T3E, TCRE | Mature T-cells and thymocytes. | T-cell activation signaling and regulation of TCR expression. Partakes in the formation and function of TCR-CD3 complex to couple antigen recognition to intracellular signaling pathways. |
| CD3g 7 | T3G | Mature T-cells and thymocytes. | Partakes in the formation and function of TCR-CD3 complex to couple antigen recognition to intracellular signaling pathways. |
| CD4 8 | - | Thymocyte subsets, T-helper cells, regulatory T-cells, B-cells, macrophages and granulocytes. | Initiates the early phase of T-cell activation. May function as an important mediator of indirect neuronal damage in infectious and immune-mediated CNS diseases. |
| CD5 | LEU1, T1 | T-cells and B-cell subset. | Regulates T-cell: B-cell interactions. Inhibits TCR-mediated signaling.9 |
| CD6 | OX52, T12, TP120 | Thymocytes, mature T-cells, some hematopoietic cell precursors, neuron subsets, B-cell and NK subsets. | Acts in stabilization and maturation of the immune synapse, and in T-cell proliferative responses.10 |
| CD7 | LEU 9, GP40, TP41, Tp40 | Thymocytes and mature T-cells. High expression in T-cells. | Essential in T-cell interaction, as well as in T-cell: B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development. |
| CD8a 12, 13 | MAL, Leu2, p32 | Cytotoxic T-cells, natural killer cells, cortical thymocytes and dendritic cells subsets. | Mediates efficient cell: cell interactions within the immune system. |
| CD8b 13 | CD8B1, LYT3, Leu2, Ly3 | Thymocyte subsets and cytotoxic T-cells. | Co-receptor for MHC class 1 molecules. |
| CD9 | MIC3, BA2, DRAP-27, MRP-1 | Platelets, pre-B-cells, eosinophils, basophils, activated T-cells, oocytes and myoblasts. | Cell invasion, apoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy.14 |
| CD10 | Neprilysin, CALLA, SFE, MME, NEP | B- and T-cell precursors, fibroblasts, neurons and bone marrow stromal cells. | Peptidase, regulates B-cell growth. Upon upregulation, involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis resistance.15 |
| CD11a | Integrin alpha-L, LFA-1A, ITGAL | Leukocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Expressed in nearly all hematopoietic lineages, but downregulated on HSCs.16 | Intracellular adhesion and costimulation. Binds with CD18 to form LFA1, which then interacts with ICAM-1. |
| CD11b | Integrin alpha-M, CR3A, ITGAM, MAC-1 | Macrophages, T-cells and myleoid dendritic cells. | Regulates macrophage polarization, inhibits immune suppression, modulates neovascularization and cancer.17 |
| CD11c | Integrin alpha-X, ITGAX, SLEB6 | Monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, activated T- and B-cells, T- and B-cell subsets. | Cell adhesion. Gatekeeper for lymphocyte trafficking.19 |
| CD11d 19 | Integrin-alpha-D, ADB2, ITGAD | Myelomonocytic cells, peripheral blood leukocyte subsets and tissue-specialized cells | Receptor for ICAM3 and VCAM1 when bound with CD18. May play a role in the atherosclerotic process and phagocytosis of blood-borne pathogens. 20 |
| CD13 | ANPEP, APN, PEPN, LAP1, gp150 | Granulocytes, monocytes (+ precursors), endothelial cells and epithelial cells. | Phagocytic receptor capable of mediating the internalization of large particles. |
| CD14 | - | Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages.22 | Receptor for LPS and LBP complex. |
| CD15 | ELFT, FCT3A, FUC-TIV | Myeloid cells: neutrophils, eosinophils, some monocytes, masked on basophils. | Cell adhesion. Mediates phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Involved in leukocyte homing, and adhesion of cancer cells to brain endothelium.23 Mediates neutrophil adhesion to dendritic cells. |
| CD16a | Fc-gamma RIII-alpha, FCGR3A, FCG3, FCGR3, IGFR3 | Neutrophils, natural killer cells, monocytes and macrophages. | Mediates phagocytosis and ADCC. Low affinity Fc receptor.24, 25 |
| CD16b | Fc-gamma RIII-beta, FCGR3B, FCG3, FCGR3, IGFR3 | Neutrophils and stimulated eosinophils. | Low affinity Fc receptor. |
| CD17 | Lactosylceramide | Monocytes/macrophages, platelets, B-cell subsets, granulocytes, tonsillar dendritic cells and platelets. | Lactocyl ceramide. Cell surface glycosphingolipid. May play a role in bacterial phagocytosis. |
| CD18 26 | Integrin beta-2, ITGB2, MFI7, LAD, LCAMB, LFA-1 | Neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages. | Forms the beta 2 chain of CD11a-c enabling cell adhesion. |
| CD19 27 | B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4, MGC12802, CVID3 | B-cells (but not plasma cells) and follicular dendritic cells. | Regulates B-cell development, activation and differentiation. Coreceptor for BCR, activates signaling pathways. |
| CD20 28 | B-lymphocyte surface antigen B1, Bp35, Leukocyte surface antigen Leu-16, MS4A2 | T- and B-cell subsets. | B-cell activation and proliferation. Development and differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. |
| CD21 29 | Complement receptor type 2, CR2, C3DR, Complement C3d receptor, Epstein-Barr virus receptor | Mature B-cells, follicular dendritic cells and T-cell subsets. | Signal transduction. Receptor for complement components C3Dd and iC3b as well as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) glycoprotein gp350/220. |
| CD22 30 | SIGLEC2, BL-CAM, T-cell surface antigen Leu-14 | Mature B-cells (except plasma cells). | B-cell adhesion and signal transduction. May help localize B-cells in lymphoid tissue |
| CD23 31 | Low affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor, Fc epsilon RII, FCER2, CLEC4J | Mature B-cells, monocytes, follicular dendritic cells, platelets and eosinophils. | Low affinity receptor for IgE, ligand for CD19, CD21 and CD81. Essential for B-cell growth and differentiation. In soluble form, functions as mitogenic growth factor. |
| CD24 | CD24A | B-cells, granulocytes, epithelial cells and monocytes. | Regulation of B-cell proliferation and differentiation.32 |
| CD25 33 | Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha, IL2RA, TAC antigen, TCGFR | Activated T-cells, some thymocytes, regulatory T-cells and oligodendrocytes. | Receptor for IL2 in complex with CD122 and CD132. |
| CD26 | DPP4, ADABP, ADCP2, DPPIV, TP103 | Mature thymocytes, T-cells (upregulated on activation), activated B-cells and high Th17. | Exoprotease. HIV pathogenesis. Highly expressed in inflammatory diseases. Controls migration of CD4+ T-cells.34 |
| CD27 | TNF receptor superfamily member 7, TNFRSF 7, CD27L receptor, T14, MGC20393, S152, Tp55 | T-cells, medullary thymocytes, B-cells and NK cells. | Costimulation of B- and T-cell activation upon binding to ligand CD70.35 Crucial for T-cell memory generation. |
| CD28 | TP44 | Most T-cells, thymocytes, plasma cells, stromal cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. | Costimulation of T-cells. Induces T-cell activation and survival, interleukin-2 production, T-helper type 2 cell development and clonal expansion.36 |
| CD29 | Integrin beta-1, ITGB1, Fibronectin receptor subunit beta, FNRB, GPIIA, MDF2, MSK12, VLAB | Leukocytes, adipose-derived stem cells and BM-MSCs. | Interacts with CD49a in VLA-1 integrin. Mediates cell interactions with extracellular matrix proteins. Controls tumor proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis.37 |
| CD30 | TNF receptor superfamily member 8, TNFRSF8, Ki-1 antigen, D1S166E | Activated T- and B-cells, monocytes, Reed-Sternberg cells and T-cell lymphomas | Regulates lymphocyte proliferation and cell death. Critical role in the pathophysiology of Hodgkin's disease and other CD30+ lymphomas.38 |
| CD31 | Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, PECAM1 | Monocytes, platelets, T-cells, neutrophils and endothelial cells.39 | Cell adhesion. Plays a key role in removing aged neutrophils. |
| CD32 40 | Fc gamma RII, FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR2C | B-cells, platelets, Langerhans cells, neutrophils, megakaryocytes and monocytes. | FcgRIIA are activating-type Fc receptors, while FCGRIIB is a key immune checkpoint.41 All act as receptors for immunoglobulins. |
| CD33 | p67, Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 3 (SIGLEC3) | Normal myeloid cell progenitors, activated T-cells and NK cells.42 | Lectin activity and adhesion. A receptor that inhibits the proliferation of normal, leukemic myeloid and lymphoid cells.43 |
| CD34 44 | - | Hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors and capillary endothelial cells. | Major vascular selectin ligand – necessary for the first step of cell migration.45 |
| CD35 | Complement receptor type 1, C3BR | Erythrocytes, leukocytes, glomerular podocytes, hyalocytes and splenic follicular dendritic cells. | Receptor for complement components C3b and C4b.46 Mediates adhesion and phagocytosis. |
| CD36 | Fatty acid translocase, Glycoprotein IIIb, GP3B, GP4, GPIV, PASIV, SCARB3 | Found on many cells and tissues; intestine, adipose tissue, heart, skeletal muscle and macrophages. | Facilitates tissue fatty acid uptake and oxidation.47 Involved in signal transduction in immunity and atherosclerosis. High affinity receptor for native lipoproteins HDL, LDL and VLDL. |
| CD37 48, 49 | Tetraspanin 26, TSPAN26, GP52-40 | Mature B-cells and myeloid cells. | Signal transduction. Regulates T-cell proliferation. Involved in the spatial organization of B-cell plasma membrane. |
| CD38 | ADP ribosyl cyclase 1, NAD(+) nucleosidase | T-cells, B-cells and NK cells. | Regulates intracellular and extracellular NAD homeostasis. Regulates NAD-dependent deacetylases related to aging.50 |
| CD39 51 | NTPDase 1, TPDase | Fibroblasts, myeloid cells, vascular endothelial cells, Tregs and tumor-specific T-cells. | Hydrolyzes extracellular ATP, high levels found in tumors which deplete immunostimulatory ATP. |
| CD40 52 | Bp50, p50 | B-cells, monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, T-cells and CNS-resident cells. | Costimulation of B-cell growth. Differentiation and isotype switching. With CD40L, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease53, regulates sympathetic axon growth, and establishes innervation of certain tissues in developing PNS. |
| CD41 54 | Integrin alpha-IIb, GPalpha IIb, ITGA2B, GP2B, GTA | Platelets and megakaryocytes. | Platelet activation and aggregation. |
| CD42a 55 | Platelet glycoprotein IX, GP9 | Platelet adhesion and aggregation. Amplifies platelet response to thrombin. | |
| CD42b 56 | Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain, BSS, GP1B | Platelet adhesion and aggregation. | |
| CD42c 57 | Platelet glycoprotein Ib beta chain, GP1BB | ||
| CD42d | Platelet glycoprotein V, GP5 | ||
| CD43 58 | Leukosialin, Galactoglycoprotein, Leukocyte sialoglycoprotein, SPN, GPL115, LSN | Leukocytes (except resting B-cells).59 Low expression in platelets. | Anti-adhesion. Binds CD45 to mediate adhesion. Important for immune function and may be part of receptor complex for T-cell activation. |
| CD44 60 | Epican, HUTCH-I, LHR, PGP-1, ECMR-III, IN, INLU, MC56, MDU2, MIC4, MUTCH-1 | Most lymphohematopoietic cells. | Leukocyte rolling, homing and aggregation. Adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix. Important in epithelial cell adhesion (cell-cell and cell-matrix) to hyaluronate in basement membranes and maintaining the polar orientation of cells. |
| CD45 61 | Leukocyte common antigen, L-CA, PTPRC | Hematopoietic cells (not erythrocytes and platelets). | Critical for B- and T-cell receptor-mediated activation. Also required for thymic selection. |
| CD45RA 62 | PTPRC | B- and naïve T-cell subsets, monocytes and medullary thymocytes. | |
| CD45RB | T-cell subsets, B-cells, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells and natural killer cells. | Critical for B- and T-cell receptor mediated activation. | |
CD45RC 63 | B-cells, natural killer cells, CD8+ T-cells, CD4+ T-cell subsets, medullary thymocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells. | ||
| CD45RO 62 | Activated T-cell subsets, memory B- and T-cell subsets, activated monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes. | ||
| CD46 | Membrane cofactor protein, TLX, MCP, TRA2.10 | Ubiquitous: found on all nucleated human cells.64 | Co-factor for factor 1 proteolytic cleavage of C3b and C4b. Protects against inappropriate complement activation. Controls T-cell activation. |
| CD47 | Integrin associated protein, MER6, OA3 | Ubiquitous: expressed by virtually every cell. | Adhesion. A marker of self that binds to SIRP alpha inhibitor receptor on macro and dendritic cells to inhibit phagocytosis. Regulates chemotaxis and activation of leukocytes. Can induce apoptosis.65 |
| CD48 | BLAST1, BCM1, MEM-102, SLAMF2 | Most hematopoietic cells. | Cell adhesion and T-cell costimulation. Expression increases under inflammatory conditions. Target of immune evasion by viruses.66 |
| CD49a | Integrin alpha-1, VLA-1, ITGA1 | Activated T-cells, monocytes, melanoma cells and endothelial cells. | Adhesion and embryo development. Involved in T-cell mediated inflammatory disease.67 |
| CD49b | Integrin alpha-2, VLAA2, BR, ITGA2 | Tregs68, mature NK cells and subsets of memory CD4+ T-cells. | Suppresses naïve T-cell proliferation. Migrates to sites of inflammation and skin. |
| CD49c 69 | Integrin alpha-3, VLA-3 subunit alpha, ITGA3, GAPB3, MSK118, VCA-2 | Most adhesion cell lines. Low expression on B- and T-cells. | Adhesion and signal transduction. Matrix degradation to promote cell invasion. |
| CD49d | Integrin alpha-4, VLA-4 subunit alpha, ITGA4 | Leukocytes, neutrophils. | Involved with retention and release of neutrophils.70 Critical role in leukocyte trafficking, activation and survival. |
| CD49e 71 | Integrin alpha-5, VLA-5, ITGA5, FNRA | Thymocytes, T-cells, monocytes, platelets, early and activated B-cells, endothelial cells and epithelial cells. | Adhesion, regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Receptor for fibronectin and fibrinogen. |
| CD49f 72 | Integrin alpha-6, VLA-6, ITGA6 | Memory B-cells, T-cells, thymocytes, monocytes, platelets, megakaryocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells and cytotrophoblasts. | Present in oocytes, involved in sperm-egg fusion. Receptor for laminin on platelets. |
| CD50 | ICAM3, CDw50, ICAM-R | Leukocytes, with high expression on peripheral blood granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. | Binds to LFA-a protein.73 Important in leukocyte recruitment, apoptotic cell removal and lymphocyte interaction with APCs. |
| CD51 | Integrin alpha chain V, ITGAV, MSK8, VNRA | Mesenchymal stem/stroma cells.74 | Adhesion and signal transduction. |
| CD52 75 | Campath-1 | B- and T-cells, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, NK cells, dendritic cells and epithelial cells of epididymis. | Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored antigen which may play a role in carrying and orienting carbohydrate. |
| CD53 | MOX44 | Hematopoietic cells and highly expressed on mature B-cells | Signal transduction. B-cell activity modulation.76 |
| CD54 | ICAM1, BB2 | Endothelial cells, low expression on resting lymphocytes, upregulated upon activation, and expressed in many tumor types. | Extravasation of leukocytes from blood vessels. Regulates T-cell activation. Involved in tumorigenesis of various cancers.77 |
| CD55 78 | Complement decay accelerating factor, DAF, CR, TC | Epithelial cells and all cells that are in close contact with plasma complement proteins. | Regulates complement activation. Ligand or protective molecule in fertilization. Signal transduction. |
| CD56 79 | NCAM1, MSK39 | Neural tissues, natural killer cells, T-cell subsets, small cell lung carcinoma. | Homophilic and heterophilic adhesion. Associated with activation or cytotoxicity in immune cells. |
| CD57 80 | Human natural killer 1, HNK1, LEU7 | Natural killer cell subsets81, T-cell subsets and monocytes. | Adhesion. Defines terminally differentiated senescent cells. |
| CD58 82 | LFA3 | Hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. | APC-T-cell adhesion. Killer target cell interaction. Costimulation of CD58+ and CD2+ T-cells leading to adhesion and activation. |
| CD59 83 | Protectin, MAC-inhibitory protein, MSK21 | Hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells (widely expressed). | Prevents complement polymerization. Protects cells from complement mediated lysis. |
| CD60a | CDw60, GD3 | Subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral T-cells, platelets, monocytes, melanocytes, adrenal medullary cells, glial cells, neurons, thymocytes, peripheral T-cell subsets, B-cells and granulocytes. | The CD60 family are oligosaccharides present on gangliosides and are involved in co-stimulation of T-cells. Intracellular regulator of apoptosis in T cells. |
| CD60b | UM4D4, 9-O-acetyl-GD3 | Subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral T-cells, platelets, monocytes, T-cell subsets, activated B-cells and neuroectodermal cells.84 | The CD60 family are oligosaccharides present on gangliosides and are involved in the co-stimulation of T-cells.85 Involved in growth cone advancement from dorsal root ganglia. |
| CD60c | 7-O-acetyl-GD3 | Subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral T-cells, platelets, monocytes and T-cells. | The CD60 family are oligosaccharides present on gangliosides and are involved in co-stimulation of T-cells. |
| CD61 87 | Integrin beta-3, ITGB3, GP3A | With CD41 on platelets, with CD51 on macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, megakaryocytes, osteoclasts, mast cells and macrophages. | Regulates extracellular signals and intracellular pathways. Plays a key role in embryonic development and sperm maturation.86 |
| CD62E | E-selectin, SELE, ELAM1, LECAM2 | Activated brain endothelial cells.88 | Leukocyte rolling and adhesion to activated endothelium at inflammatory sites. Tumor cell adhesion and angiogenesis. |
| CD62L | L-selectin, SELL, LAM1, LECAM1, LYAM1, Leu-8 | B- and T-cell subsets, monocytes, granulocytes, natural killer cells, neutrophils89 and thymocytes. | Leukocyte rolling and homing on activated endothelium. |
| CD62P | P-selectin, SELP, LECAM3, GRMP, PADGEM | Activated platelets, thymic endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. | Leukocyte tethering and rolling on the surface of activated endothelial cells. |
| CD63 90 | LAMP-3, Granulophysin, MLA1, ME491 | Activated platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic, intestinal and melanoma cells. | Involved in regulation of membrane protein trafficking, leukocyte recruitment and adhesion processes. |
| CD64 91 | IgG Fc receptor I, FCGR1A, IGFR1 | Monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophil granulocytes. | Binds to the Fc region of IgG with high affinity, expression induced by bacterial infection. |
| CD65s 85 | VIM2 | Granulocytes and myeloid cells. Low expression on monocytes. | Adhesive carbohydrate. Marks turning point in myeloid cell differentiation. |
| CD66a | CEACAM1, Biliary glycoprotein 1, BGP | Mature granulocytes, epithelial cells, hematopoietic tissues, neutrophils, colon and liver.92 | Neutrophil activation.93 Involved in signal transduction. |
| CD66b 94 | CEACAM8, CD67, CGM6, NCA-95 | Granulocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils.95 | Cell adhesion. Superoxide production. Degranulation of eosinophils.95 Neutrophil activation.93 |
| CD66c | CEACAM6, NCA, CEAL | Normal mucosal colon epithelia, lung granulocytes and epithelial cancers.96 | Cell adhesion and aggregation. Neutrophil activation.93 Expression upregulated in certain cancers |
| CD66d | CEACAM3, CGM1 | Neutrophils. | Cell adhesion and neutrophil activation.93 |
| CD66e 97 | CEACAM5, CEA | Epithelial cells, endotheliocytes, hemocytes, platelets and immune cells. | Homophilic and heterophilic adhesion. May promote tumor development. |
CD66f | Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1, PSG1, PSBG1, B1G1, SP1 | Eptihelial cells, placental syncytiotrophoblasts and fetal liver.98 | Immune regulation and protection of fetus from the maternal immune system.98 |
| CD67 | See CD66b | ||
| CD68 | SCARD1, KP1 | Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, dendritic cells and myeloid progenitors. | Specific marker for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).99 Positive cells infiltrate tumors which reflects severity. Binds to tissue- and organ-specific lectins or selectins, allowing homing of macrophage subsets to particular sites. Possible role in phagocytic activities of tissue macrophages. May allow macrophages to crawl over selectin-bearing substrates or other cells. |
| CD69 | Activation inducer molecule, AIM, CLEC2C, EA1 | Hematopoietic stem cells, T-cells, natural killer cells and other immune cells. | Early activation marker, implicated in the differentiation of T-cells and NKT2s100 as well as in lymphocyte retention in lymphoid organs. |
| CD70 | CD27L, TNFSF7 | Activated B- and T-cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. | Ligand for CD27 which promotes effector CD8+ T-cell responses. Promotes tumor proliferation/migration. Creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.101 |
| CD71 | Transferrin receptor protein 1, TFRC | Erythroid cells and endothelial cells of BBB. | Controls iron uptake during cell proliferation.102 |
| CD72 | LYB2 | B-cells (but not plasma B-cells), macrophages, follicular dendritic cells, epithelial cells and endothelial cells. | Co-receptor of BCR. Involved in B-cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation.103 |
| CD73 104 | 5'-nucleotidase, NT5E, E5NT | Mesenchymal stem cells, cancer stem cells, follicular dendritic cells, endothelial cells and variable proportions of adaptive immune cells. | Nucleotidase. Plays role in adhesion for cell: cell and cell: matrix interactions. |
| CD74 | DHLAG, Ia-GAMMA, HLADG | B-cells, activated T-cells, monocytes, macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. Also expressed in hematologic malignancies.105 | Intracellular sorting of MHC class II molecules. Plays a diverse role in immune responses. |
| CD75 | ST6GAL1, Sialyltransferase 1, CDw75 | Mature and activated B-cells106 and T-cell subsets and erythrocytes.107 | Catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. Cell adhesion. |
| CD75s | - | B- and T-cell subsets. | CD75s differentiation antigens are cell-surface carbohydrate determinants generated by CD75. |
| CD77 108 | Globotriaosylceramide , BLA, Gb3 | Germinal center B-cells and macrophages. High expression in Burkitt’s lymphocytes. | Induces apoptosis of B-cells. Receptor for E. coli verotoxin. |
| CD79a | MB1, IGA | B-cells and immature bone marrow myeloid cells. | Subunit of B-cell antigen receptor (CD79a+CD79b). Plays role in tumor-promoting effects of myeloid cells.109 |
| CD79b | B29, IGB | B-cell malignancies, pre-B cells and mature B-cells (excluding plasma cells).110 | Subunit of B-cell antigen receptor (CD79a+CD79b). Plays a critical role in B-cell maturation and activation. |
| CD80 | B7-1 | Activated B- and T-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells.111 | Co-stimulation of T-cell activation and proliferation. Plays a role in B-cell activity. Has a critical role in autoimmune, humoral, and transplant responses. |
| CD81 | TAPA1, Tetraspanin-28, S5.7 | B- and T-cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, thymocytes, dendritic cells, endothelial cells and epithelial cells. | Mediates signal transduction involving regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility.112 Facilitates complement recognition. |
| CD82 | KAI1, Tetraspanin-27, 4F9, C33, GR15, SAR2, ST6 | Leukocytes (upregulated on activation) and platelets. | Metastasis suppressor. Expression is downregulated in tumor progression.113 |
| CD83 | HB15, BL11 | Activated B- and T-cells, regulatory T cells, circulating dendritic cells and Langerhans cells.114 | Regulates antigen presentation and dendritic cell-dependent allogeneic T-cell proliferation.114 |
| CD84 | LY9B, SLAMF5 | Mature B-cells, T-cell subsets, monocytes, macrophages115, platelets, and granulocytes. | Homophilic adhesion molecule. Enhances T-cell and NK cell activation and cytokine production. |
| CD85a | LILRB3, ILT5, LIR3, HL9 | Monocytes, macrophages, myeloid cells, some T-cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and B-cells.116 | Inhibitory receptor for MHC class I molecules. Inhibits stimulation of immune response and limits autoreactivity. |
CD85b | LILRA6, ILT8 | Monocytes, macrophages, T-cell and natural killer cell subsets, dendritic cells and B-cells. | Involved in natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. |
| CD85c | LILRB5, LIR8 | Natural killer cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages and osteoclasts. | Involved in negative regulation of immune cell activation. May act as receptor for class I MHC antigens.117 |
| CD85d | LILRB2, ILT4, LIR2, MIR10 | Monocytes, macrophages, B- and T-cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils and natural killer cells.118 | Receptor for class I MHC antigens. Downregulates the immune response and is involved in the development of tolerance. |
| CD85e | LILRA3, ILT6, LIR4 | B-cells, natural killer cells, peripheral blood monocytes and lung. | May act as a soluble receptor for class I MHC antigens. |
| CD85f | LILRB7, ILT11, LIR9, LILRA5 | Hematopoitic cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, B- and T-cells.119 | May have a role in triggering innate immune responses. |
| CD85g | LILRA4, ILT7 | Eosinophils, neutrophils, plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes. | May act as a receptor for class I MHC antigens.120 |
| CD85h | LILRA2, ILT1, LIR7 | Monocytes, B-cells, NK and dendritic cells.121 | Activated receptor inhibits dendritic cell differentiation, antigen presentation and suppresses innate immune response. |
| CD85i 122 | LILRA1, LIR6 | B-cells. | Contributes to the regulation of immune responses. |
| CD85j | LILRB1, ILT2, LIR1, MIR7 | B-cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, subsets of natural killer and T-cells. | Involved in checkpoint inhibition, maintenance of T-cell homeostasis, and prevention of memory inflation with aging and CMV infection.123 |
| CD85k | LILRB4, ILT3, LIR5, HM18 | Monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. | Mediator of immune tolerance. |
| CD86 | CD28LG2, B7-2, LAB72 | Monocytes, APCs, endothelial cells, activated B- and T-cells. | Costimulation of T-cell activation and proliferation. Along with CD80, is a ligand of CD28 for optimal T-cell activation, which initiates immune reactions.124 |
| CD87 | UPAR, PLAUR | Granulocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells, T-cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and hepatocytes. Highly expressed on senescent cells, malignant tumors, CAFs.125 | Influences normal and pathological processes related to cell-surface plasminogen activation and localized degradation of the ECM. |
| CD88 | C5R1, C5AR | Granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, astrocytes, microglia and neurons.126 | Modulates inflammatory responses, obesity development, and cancers. Receptor for C5a.126 |
| CD89 | FCAR | Monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils.127 | IgA Fc receptor (binds IgA and eliminates IgA coated targets). Induces phagocytosis, degranulation, respiratory burst, and killing of micro-organisms.127 |
| CD90 | THY1 | Mesenchymal stem cells128, hematopoietic cells, neuronal cells, fibroblasts, stromal cells and activated endothelial cells. | Involved in cell proliferation, cell: cell adhesion and cell migration. |
| CD91 | LRP1, A2MR, APOER | APCs.129 | Critical for efficient immune-surveillance of tumors, activating natural killer cell responses, and priming T-cells.129 |
| CD92 | CTL1, SLC44A1, CHTL1 | BMSCs, with increased expression when differentiated towards osteogenic and adipogenic lineages.130 | Choline transporter. May be involved in membrane synthesis and myelin production. |
| CD93 | C1qR, C1QR1, MXRA4 | Endothelial cells131 and neutrophils. | Required for tubular morphogenesis, migration, and adhesion of endothelial cell. Organizes the endothelial cytoskeleton and cell junctions.131 |
| CD94 | KLRD1, NKG2 | Natural killer cells and T-cell subsets. | Inhibition of natural killer cell function. Induces cytolytic activity and cytokine production.132 |
| CD95 | Apoptosis antigen ligand, FASLG, APTL, TNFSF6, APO-1 | Ubiquitously expressed in body, but abundant in thymus, liver, heart and kidney.133 | Induces apoptosis.133 |
| CD96 | Tactile | Low levels on peripheral T-cells. Strongly up-regulated after T-cell activation. | Co-expressed with PD-1, TIGIT, and other checkpoints to regulate lymphocyte activity and anti-tumor immunity.134 |
| CD97 | TM7LN1 | Lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes, smooth muscle. | Involved in cell adhesion, migration and regulation of intercellular junctions.135 |
| CD98 | 4F2hc, SLC3A2, MDU1, NACAE | Monocytes, lymphocytes natural killer cells and granulocytes. | Cell surface glycoprotein essential for membrane localization of its transporter (LAT1) to provide amino acids to cells.136 |
| CD99 | MIC2 | Lymphocytes, natural killer cells, monocytes, granulocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, some tumor cells and thymocytes.137 | Involved in apoptosis, adhesion, differentiation and protein trafficking.137 |
| CD100 | Semaphorin 4D, SEMA4D, M-sema G | Hematopoietic cells, with higher expression on T-cells. 138 | Involved in T-cell priming, antibody production, and cell: cell adhesion.138 |
| CD101 | IGSF2, EWI101 | Myeloid and lymphoid subsets.139 | Inhibits T-cell activation and proliferation. Inhibits IL2RA expression on activated T-cells. |
| CD102 140 | ICAM2 | Resting lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets and vascular endothelial cells. | Binds to LFA-1, plays a major role in spermatogenesis and possibly lymphocyte recirculation. Mediates adhesive interactions. |
| CD103 | Integrin alpha E, ITGAE | Intra-epithelial lymphocytes, some peripheral blood lymphocytes, activated lymphocytes, and subsets of dendritic cells in the gut. | Lymphocyte retention. Receptor for E-cadherin. Regulates lung inflammatory responses.141 |
| CD104 142 | Integrin beta 4, ITGB4 | Basal layer of cells. | Adhesion receptor (for laminins) in normal epithelia, associates with alpha 6 subunit. Has a role in migration and tumor metastasis, alongside proliferation, survival, and wound healing. |
| CD105 | Endoglin, ENG, END, ORW | Endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, erythroid precursors, activated monocytes and macrophages. | Angiogenesis. Regulatory component of TGF-beta receptor complex. Modulates cellular response to TGF beta 1.143 |
| CD106 | VCAM1, L1CAM | Activated endothelial cells. | Leukocyte adhesion. Transmigration and costimulation of T-cells.144 |
| CD107a | LAMP1 | Activated platelets, activated T-cells, activated NK cells, activated endothelial cells and activated granulocytes. | Marker for cell-mediated lysis of target cells. Plays a role in the survival of NK cells against degranulation.145 |
| CD107b | LAMP2 | Activated platelets, activated T-cells and activated endothelial cells. | Critical for lysozyme function. May be involved in leucocyte adhesion.146 |
| CD108 | Semaphorin 7A, SEMA7A, SEMA-K1, SEMAL | Activated lymphocytes, erythrocytes and multiple adult tissues. | Ligand for Plexin C1. Plays important role in immunoregulation of the brain.147 |
| CD109 | FLJ38569 | Activated T-cells, activated platelets, subset of CD34+ cells and endothelial cells. | May play a critical role in tumor progression.148 |
| CD110 | TPOR, MPL | Subset of stem cells and cells of megakaryocytic lineage, as well as platelets.149 | Binds to thrombopoietin induces megakaryocyte proliferation and differentiation and prevents apoptosis. |
| CD111 | Nectin1, PVRL1, HVEC | Widely expressed in cell lines of different lineages, including neuronal cells.150 | Entry mediator for several herpesvirus (HSV1, HSV2, PRV, BHV1)150. Believed to be involved in cell adhesion mechanisms. |
| CD112 | Nectin2, PVRL2, HVEB | Broadly expressed on normal epithelial, neuronal and fibroblastin cells, with elevated expression on tumor cell lines.151 | Ligand for CD226,152 upon interaction, becomes a negative regulator of NK cell effector function.151 |
| CD113 | Nectin3, PVRL3 | T-cells.152 | Adhesion molecule that interacts with afadin which connects nectin to the actin cytoskeleton. |
| CD114 | GCSFR, CSF3R | Blood vessels of cardiac ventricles, intestine, kidney glomerulae and CNS. Endothelial cells in embryo, muscles, and their progenitors. Neurons.153 | Involved in early development of nervous system and radial glial cell function.153 |
| CD115 | CSF1R, FMS | Monocytes, macrophages, monocytic progenitors, neuronal cells and osteoclasts. | Receptor for M-CSF which is necessary for skeletal growth, cytoskeletal organization and osteopetrosis.154 |
| CD116 | GM-CSF-R-alpha, GMCSFR, CSF2RA | Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts, myeloid dendritic cells, endothelial cells, placental trophoblasts and eosinophils. | Myeloid cell hematopoiesis and production of WBCs. |
| CD117 | c-kit, KIT, SCFR | Hematopoietic and lymphoid cell types, such as dendritic cells, NK cells and mast cells.155 | Receptor tyrosine kinase which phosphorylates multiple intracellular proteins that play a role in proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis.155 |
| CD118 | LIFR, SWS, STWS | Epithelium cells. | Tumor suppressor in breast cancer.156 Affects the differentiation, survival and proliferation of a wide variety of cells. |
| CD119 | IFNGR1 | Lymphocytes, natural killer cells, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, endothelial cells and epithelial cells. | Receptor for interferon-gamma.157 Role in host defense and immunopathological processes. |
| CD120a | TNF Receptor I, TNFRSF1A, FPF | Low-level constitutive expression on nearly all nucleated cells. | Receptor for TNF.158 Activates the caspase family, which induces cell death. |
| CD120b | TNF Receptor II, TNFRSF1B | Induced expression on myeloid cells, peripheral T-cells, alveolar lymphocytes and macrophages | Receptor for TNF158, which leads to NF-kB transcription and induction of proliferation, differentiation, cytokine production, and apoptosis. |
| CD121a | IL-1R type I, IL1R1 | Fibroblasts, lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells. epithelial cells, and neural cells. | Receptor for IL1A, IL1B and IL1RN. Mediates many cytokine-induced immune and inflammatory responses.159 |
| CD121b | IL-1R type II, IL1R2 | B-cells, monocytes, macrophages, some T-cells and keratinocytes. | Non-signaling receptor for IL1A, IL1B and IL1RN. Serves as a decoy receptor by competitive binding to IL1B and preventing its binding to IL1R1.160 |
| CD122 | IL2RB, P70-75 | Constitutive expression on CD4+ Tregs, induced upon activation of CD4, CD8 T-cells, B-cells and some myeloid-derived subsets. | IL2 and IL15 receptor beta chain signaling. With CD25 and CD132, compose trimeric receptor complex for IL-2 and involved in cell survival and proliferation.161 |
| CD123 | IL3RA | Low expression on normal hematopoietic stem cells, neural progenitors and neurons162 with high expression in leukemic cells. | Receptor for IL3. Associates with the GM-CSF receptor. Involved in normal cell development. |
| CD124 163 | IL4RA, IL4R | Endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, mature B- and T-cells. Low expression on leukocytes and progenitors. | Receptor for IL4 and IL13, which are involved in regulating IgE production. |
| CD125 | IL5RA, IL5R | Eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils164, activated B-cells and mast cells. | Receptor for IL5.164 Involved in suppression of ROS formation. Promotes growth and differentiation of eosinophil precursors. Activates mature eosinophils. |
| CD126 | IL6R, gp80 | Activated B- and plasma cells, T-cells, monocytes, epithelial cells and fibroblasts. | Along with CD130, is a receptor for IL6 and plays a central role in myeloma cell proliferation and survival.165 |
| CD127 | IL7R | Naive and memory CD4 and CD8 T-cells.166 | Receptor for IL7. Involved with T-cell homeostasis and function.166 |
| CD128a | See CD181 | ||
| CD128b | See CD182 | ||
| CD129 | IL9R | Hematopoietic cells including T-cells, neutrophils, mast cells and macrophages.167 | Receptor for IL9. Supports erythroid colony formation and synergizes with IL4 in the production of IgE and IgG. |
| CD130 | IL6ST, gp130 | T-cells, activated B-cells, plasma cells, monocytes and endothelial cells.168 | Transmits activities of IL6, IL11, LIF and CNF. Important in signal transduction.168 |
| CD131 | IL3RB, IL5RB, CSF2RB | Monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic stem cells. | Component of the high affinity IL3, GM-CSF and IL5 receptors. Crucial role in growth/activation of eosinophils and in the inflammatory response. Co-localizes with EPO-R and is observed to offer tissue-protective effects.169 |
| CD132 | IL2RG, IMD4, SCIDX | Variety of leukocytes including B- and T-cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils.170 | Forms complexes with other cell surface proteins including CD25, CD122, CD124, CD127 and others. Complexes with other cell surface proteins to form receptors for the cytokines IL2, IL4, IL7, IL9, and IL15. Acting through the CD132 containing complexes, these cytokines regulate lymphocyte development and activation. |
| CD133 | Prominin-1, PROM1, AC133 | Hematopoietic stem cell subsets, epithelial, endothelial and neural cell precursors. | Binds cholesterol in cholesterol-containing plasma membrane microdomains. Involved in regulation of MAPK and Akt signaling pathways. Associated with cell development, ion homeostasis and cell communication.171 |
| CD134 | TNFRSF4, ACT35, OX40 | Activated T-cells, NK cells, NKT cells and neutrophils.172 | Acts as a co-stimulatory receptor to NF-kB. |
| CD135 | FLT3, FLK2, STK1 | Bone marrow cells during early stages of hematopoiesis. | Binds FLT3 ligand to promote the growth and differentiation of progenitor cells. Required for dendritic cell homeostasis.173 |
| CD136 | RON, PTK8, MST1R | Epithelial cells of skin, kidney, lung, liver, intestine, colon and on certain hematopoietic cells, neuroendocrine cells and keratinocytes. Expression on monocytes, granulocytes and resident macrophages.174 | Receptor for macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) which regulates cell adhesion, motility, growth, and survival. Implicated in the progression of several epithelial cancers.174 |
| CD137 | TNFRSF9, ILA, 4-1BB | Activated T-cells.175 | Costimulation of T-cell activation. Regulates T-cell-dependent immune responses. Involved in the development and activation of immune cells.175 |
| CD138 | Syndecan, SDC1, SYND1 | Epithelial cells.176 | Modulates processes relevant to tumor progression. Co-receptor for growth factors, angiogenic factors, morphogens and chemokines.176 |
| CD139 | - | B lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, weakly expressed on erythrocytes. | Unknown. |
| CD140a | PDGFR-alpha, PDGFRA | Fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells177, platelets, OPCs and chondrocytes. | Cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. |
| CD140b | PDGFR-beta, PDGFRB, JTK12 | Adipose-derived stem cells178, fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, platelets, glial cells and chondrocytes. | Cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Enhances the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells. |
| CD141 | Thrombomodulin, THBD, THRM, BDCA-3 | Monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and minor subpopulation of myeloid dendritic cells.179 | Co-factor in activation of protein C and initiation of protein C anticoagulant pathway. |
| CD142 | Tissue factor, F3 | Vascular cells: smooth muscle, pericytes and adventitial fibroblasts. | Initiates blood clotting. Key regulator of homeostasis.180 |
| CD143 | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 1 (ACE), DCP1 | Endothelial cells, epithelial cells, dendritic cells, neuronal cells, adult mesenchymal stem cells181 and activated macrophages. | Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by the release of terminal His-Leu, which results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. |
| CD144 | VE-cadherin, Cadherin-5, CDH5, 7B4 | Endothelial cells and stem cell subsets.182 | Cell adhesion, mediates cell: cell contact between endothelial cells.182 |
| CD146 | MCAM, MUC18 | Endothelial cells, follicular dendritic cells, activated T-cells and smooth muscle. | Involved with bone formation, trans-endothelial migration and homing to injured bone sites.183 |
| CD147 | Basigin, BSG, 5F7, EMMPRIN, M6, OK, TCSF | Epithelial, neuronal, lymphoid and myeloid cell types. | Cell adhesion and T-cell activation. Involved in MMP function, regulation of cytoskeletal remodeling, cell recognition during neuronal-glial patterning and aggregation.184 |
| CD148 185 | DEP1, PTPRJ, SCC1 | Monocytes and macrophages. | Tyrosine phosphatase cell signaling, cell growth and differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. May regulate signal transduction, suppresses phosphorylating activity and accelerates the degradation of EGFR. |
| CD150 | SLAM, SLAMF1, IPO-3 | T-cells (upregulated on activation), regulatory T-cells, B-cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and activated monocytes.186 | Costimulation of T-cells and B-cells, major entry receptor for measles.186 |
| CD151 | GP27, SFA-1, PETA-3 | T-cell subpopulations, endothelial cells and epithelial cells. | Marker of aggressive cell proliferation and invasiveness for a variety of cancers.187 Associates with laminin-binding integrins. Regulates cell motility via proteases. |
| CD152 | CTLA-4 | Activated T-cells.188 | Negative regulation of T-cell activation. Contributes to the maintenance of peripheral T-cell tolerance to self antigens. It exerts its major effects on T-cell immune responses via regulation of the cell cycle. |
| CD153 | CD30 ligand, TNFSF8 | B-cells. | Binds to CD30 and induces proliferation of T-cells.189 |
| CD154 | CD40 ligand, Gp39, TRAP, HIGM1 | Activated CD4+ T-cells and activated platelets.190 | Mediates B-cell proliferation and IgE production in the presence of IL4. Also involved in antibody class switching, modulation of apoptosis in the germinal center through interaction with B-cells expressing CD40 and activation of CD4+ T-cells.190 |
| CD155 | Poliovirus Receptor, NECL-5, TAGE4 | Broadly distributed in variety of normal cells and tissues, with high expression in malignant tumors.191 | Mediates natural killer cell adhesion and triggers their effector functions. Plays a role in mediating tumor cell invasion and migration.191 Receptor for poliovirus attachment. |
| CD156a | ADAM8, MS2 | Monocytes, granulocytes and B-cells, also found on neurons, reactive glia cells and oligodendrocytes | Plays important role in bone morphogenesis and is involved in the allergic inflammatory process.192 |
| CD156b | ADAM17, TACE, cSVP | Ubiquitously expressed – brain, heart, kidney, skeletal muscle.193 | Cleaves transmembrane form of TNF-α to generate the soluble active form.193 |
| CD156c | ADAM10, MADM, HsT18717 | Spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, peripheral blood leukocytes, bone marrow, chondrocytes, neurons and fetal liver. | Mediates the ectodomain shedding of several transmembrane proteins.194 Cleaves the amyloid precursor protein, which prevents the formation of amyloid peptide AB. |
| CD157 | BST-1 | Low levels found on neutrophils, myeloid suppressor cells and mesothelioma cells, bone marrow stromal cells, macrophages, monocytes, vascular endothelium and circulated endothelial cells.195 | Involved in immunity, cancer and metabolism through cell adhesion/migration.195 |
| CD158a | NKAT-1, KIR2DL1, CL-43, p58.1 | Natural killer cells and T-cell subsets. | Receptor on natural killer cells for HLA-C alleles. Inhibits the activity of natural killer cells thus preventing cell lysis.196 |
| CD158b1 | NKAT-6, KIR2DL2, CL-43, p58.2 | Natural killer cells and T-cell subsets. | Receptor on natural killer cells for HLA-Cw1, 3, 7, and 8 allotypes. Inhibits the activity of natural killer cells thus preventing cell lysis confers strong inhibition of HIV-1 replication.197 |
| CD158b2 | NKAT-2, KIR2DL3, CL-6, p58 | Natural killer cells and T-cell subsets. | Receptor on natural killer cells for HLA-C alleles (HLA-Cw1, HLA-Cw3 and HLA-Cw7). Inhibits the activity of natural killer cells thus preventing cell lysis.198 |
| CD158c | KIR3DP1, KIR2DS6, KIRX | Natural killer cells. | Secreted to the extracellular medium and involved in the suppression of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity.199 |
| CD158d | KIR2DL4, KIR-103AS | Natural killer cells. | Receptor on natural killer cells and possesses both activating and inhibitory signaling domains.200 |
| CD158e1 | NKAT-3, KIR3DL1, AMB11, CL-2 | Natural killer cells. | Receptor on natural killer cells for HLA Bw4 allele. Inhibits the activity of natural killer cells thus preventing cell lysis. |
| CD158e2 | NKAT-1, KIR3DS1 | Unknown. | Unknown. |
| CD158f | KIR2DL5, KIR2DL5.1, KIR2DL5.3 | Natural killer cells, S100B= Schwann cells.201 | Regulates cell proliferation in an AKT/mTOR-dependent fashion. |
| CD158g | NKAT-9, KIR2DS5 | Natural killer cells. | Receptor on natural killer cells for HLA-C alleles. Presence signals a decreased risk of endometriosis in women.202 |
| CD158h | KIR2DS1, EB6ActI, p50.1 | Natural killer cells. | Receptor on natural killer cells for HLA-C alleles. Recognizes ligand from HCMV infected cells.203 |
| CD158i | NKAT-8, KIR2DS4, KKA3, PAX | Natural killer cells. | Receptor on natural killer cells for HLA-C alleles. Strong activator of NK cells and provides protection from preeclampsia and glioblastoma. Does not inhibit the activity of natural killer cells.204 |
| CD158j | NKAT-5, KIR2DS2, 183ACTI, CL-49, p50.2 | Natural killer cells. | Receptor on natural killer cells for HLA-C alleles. Stimulates NK cells for increased cytotoxic potential.205 |
| CD158k | NKAT-4, KIR3DL2, CL-5 | Natural killer cells and T-cells. | Receptor on natural killer cells for HLA-A and -B27 alleles, negatively regulates NK and T-cell effector function.206 Acts as a receptor on astrocytes and may protect neurons from astrocyte-induced toxicity |
| CD159a | NKG2A, KLRC1 | Natural killer cells and CD8+ T-cells.207, 208 | Negative regulation of natural killer cell activation. Implicated in the recognition of the MHC class I HLA-E molecules by natural killer cells and some cytotoxic T-cells.207 Recruits phosphatases to downregulate signaling.208 |
| CD159c | NKG2C, KLRC2 | Plays a role as a receptor for the recognition of MHC class I HLA-E molecules by natural killer cells and some cytotoxic T-cells. Recruits DAP12.208 | |
| CD160 | BY55, NK28 | Peripheral blood natural killer cells and CD8+ T-cells with cytolytic effector activity. | Receptor showing broad specificity for both classical and non-classical MHC class I molecules, which regulates cell activation and differentiation. May serve in inhibitory role in CD8+ T cell function.209 |
| CD161 | NKR-P1A, KLRB1 | T-cells.210 | Inhibits natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. Induces immature thymocyte proliferation. |
| CD162 | PSGL-1, SELPLG | Monocytes, granulocytes, most T- and B-cells and stem cells. | Binds E-, P- and L-selectins and mediates rapid rolling of leukocytes over vascular surfaces during the initial steps in inflammation. Involved in restraining T-cell responses.211 |
| CD163 | M130 | Monocytes and macrophages.212 | Clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages, expressed on TAMs and strong indicator of poor prognosis.212 |
| CD164 | MUC-24, MGC-24, endoyn | Isoform 1: prostate cancer tumors and osseous metastases. Isoform 2: Small and large bowel as well as lung and thyroid epithelia. Isoform 4: Hematopoietic progenitor cells and bone marrow stromal cells.213 | Regulates the proliferation, adhesion and migration of hematopoietic progenitor cells, may regulate muscle development. 213 |
| CD165 | AD2, gp37 | Lymphocyte subsets, monocytes, immature thymocytes, platelets and epithelial cells. | Important for adhesion of thymocytes to thymic epithelial cells. |
| CD166 | ALCAM, MEMD | Activated T- and B-cells, monocytes, thymic epithelial cells and neurons. Overexpressed in epithelial tumors.214 | Mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD6. Involved in neurite extension and may play a role in the binding of T- and B-cells to activated leukocytes. |
| CD167a | DDR1, CAK, EDDR1, NTRK4, PTK3 | Highest expression in epithelial cells in the brain, gastrointestinal tract, lung, placenta and kidney. Overexpressed in some tumors.215 | Tyrosine kinase that functions as a cell surface receptor for fibrillar collagen and regulates cell attachment to the extracellular matrix, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, cell migration, differentiation, survival and cell proliferation.215 |
| CD167b | DDR2, TKT, NTRKR3, TYRO10 | Osteocytes, osteoblastic cells and bone lining cells. . Also expressed in heart and lung and invasive human breast tumors. | Tyrosine kinase that functions as a cell surface receptor for fibrillar collagen and regulates cell differentiation, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, cell migration and cell proliferation. Required for normal bone development. |
| CD168 | HMMR, RHAMM | Abnormally expressed in myeloma cells and in other neoplastic B lymphocytes. | Hyaluronan receptor involved in cell migration, adhesion and signaling. With CD44, forms complexes that activate MAP/ERK1,2 pathway. Involved in EMT during metastasis.216 |
| CD169 | Sialoadhesin, Siglec-1, SN | Macrophages.217 | Resides at entry site of lymphoid tissues and are the first cell type to bind particulate antigens to filter and remove foreign particles.217 |
| CD170 | SIGLEC5, OB-BP2 | Neutrophils, monocytes and B-cells.218 | Adhesion molecule mediating sialic-acid dependent binding to cells. Inhibits the activation of monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. 218 |
| CD171 | NCAM-L1, L1CAM, CAML1, SPG1 | T- and B-cell subsets, monocytes and neurons. Overexpression in ovarian, endometrial, colorectal and non-small cell lung carcinomas.219 | Adhesion molecule involved in axon growth, fasciculation, neural migration and neuronal differentiation. Also necessary for kidney morphogenesis as well as interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells.219 |
| CD172a | SHPS-1, SIRPA, PTPNS1 | Monocytes, granulocytes, dendritic cells, brain cells stem cells and various tissues.220 | Involved in negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-couples signaling processes, suppression of anchorage-independent cell growth, control of macrophage nucleation, and skeletal muscle differentiation. Supports adhesion of cerebellar neurons, neurite outgrowth and glial cell attachment. CD47 binding prevents the maturation of immature dendritic cells and inhibits cytokine production by mature dendritic cells.220 |
| CD172b | SIRPB1, SIRP-BETA-1 | Monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes and dendritic cells.221 | Immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling processes. Also involved in enhanced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.221 |
| CD172g | SIRPG, SIRPB2 | CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and activated NK cells. | Immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor that mediates cell-cell adhesion on binding with CD47. May be involved in T-cell responses.222 |
| CD173 | Blood group H type 2 | Erythrocytes, stem cell subsets and platelets. | Precursor to the A- and B-blood group antigens. May be used to identify immature MSCs.223 |
| CD174 | Lewis Y, FUT3 | Stem cell subsets, erythrocytes and epithelial cells. | Catalyzes the fucosylation reaction to produce the Lewis blood-group antigen.224 May be involved in the homing process of hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow. |
| CD175 | Tn | Limited amount found on normal tissue, hematopoietic and epithelial cells, but greater expression on cancer cells and fetal tissue.225 | Histo-blood group related carbohydrate antigen.225 May be involved with adhesion and interaction with immune cells. |
| CD175s | Sialyl Tn | Erythroblasts, endothelial cells and epithelial cells. | Binds CD22, Siglec-3-5 and 6. Implicated in the induction of metastasis and invasiveness of tumors. Inhibits NKC cytotoxicity. Overexpressed in several carcinomas and is associated with poor prognosis.225 |
| CD176 | Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen | Hematopoietic cells and epithelial cells.225 | Acts as an oncofetal antigen, with low expression in normal adult tissues but increasing to fetal levels of expression in hyperplasia or malignancy. May protect against apoptosis induction.225 |
| CD177 | NB1 glycoprotein, HNA-2a | Subset of neutrophils.226 | Associates with B2 integrins and PECAM-1 for involvement in neutrophil migration.226 |
| CD178 | Fas ligand, CD95 ligand, TNFSF6 | CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, non-activated NK cells, parenchymal cells of retina and cornea, retinal pigment epithelial cells, neutrophils, autoimmune thymocytes and immature dendritic cells. | T-cell mediated cytotoxicity. Induces apoptosis in Fas-expressing target cells.227 Involved in regulation of immune response. |
| CD179a | VpreB1, IGVPB | Early stages of B cell development.228 | Regulates Ig gene rearrangements in early steps of B-cell differentiation.228 |
| CD179b | λ5, IGLL1 | Involved in transduction of signals for cell proliferation, differentiation, allelic exclusion at the Ig heavy chain locus and promotion of Ig light chain gene rearrangements.228 | |
| CD180 | RP105, LY64 | Macrophages, dendritic cells and B-cells. | Mediates the innate immune response to bacterial LPS in B-cells. Tightly associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. |
| CD181 | CXCR1, IL8R alpha | Neutrophils. | Receptor for IL8, upon binding leads to neutrophil chemotaxis and activation. |
| CD182 | CXCR2, IL8RB | Receptor for Il8 and CXCL1/MGSA. Mediates neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation. | |
| CD183 | CXCR3, GPR9, MigR | T-cell subsets, B-cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, macrophages and proliferating endothelial cells. | Receptor for CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. Upon ligand binding, induces responses that are involved in leukocyte traffic, integrin activation, cytoskeletal changes and chemotactic migration. |
| CD184 | CXCR4, HM89, LESTR, WHIM | T-cell subsets, B-cells, dendritic cells, monocytes and endothelial cells. | Involved in AKT signaling cascade, regulates cell migration, hematopoietic progenitor cell homing and acts as co-receptor with CD4 for HIV-1 cell entry. Receptor for CXCL12. |
| CD185 | CXCR5, BLR1, MDR15 | Mature B-cells, T follicular helper cells and Burkitt lymphoma cells. | Binds B-cell chemoattractant BL. Involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles of spleen and Peyer patches. |
| CD186 | CXCR6, BONZO, STRL33, TYMSTR | Th1 cells, natural killer T-cells and natural killer cell subsets. | Receptor for CXCL16. Involved in T-cell recruitment and is an HIV-1 co-receptor. |
| CD191 | CCR1, CMKBR1, SCYAR1 | Monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and dendritic cells. | Receptor for MIP-1-alpha, MIP-1-delta, RANTES and MCP-3. Involved in leukocyte chemotaxis, host defense, hematopoiesis and T helper type 1/cell balance. |
| CD192 | CCR2, CKR2, MCP-1-R | Monocytes, B-cells, activated T-cells and dendritic cells. | Receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 which mediates monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis and can be an HIV co-receptor. |
| CD193 | CCR3, CKR3, CMKBR3 | Eosinophils, basophils, Th1, Th2 cells, airway epithelial cells trace amounts in neutrophils and monocytes. | Receptor for several chemokines that may contribute to accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway. Entry co-receptor for HIV-1. |
| CD194 | CCR4, CKR4, HGCN | CD4+ T-cells, basophils, platelets, macrophages and natural killer cells. | Receptor for MIP-1, RANTES, TARC, and MCP-1 to regulate cell trafficking of leukocytes. Co-receptor for HIV-2. |
| CD195 | CCR5, CCCKR5, CKR5, CMKBR5 | Macrophages, natural killer cells and T-cell subsets. | May play role in control of granulocytic lineage proliferation or differentiation. HIV co-receptor. |
| CD196 | CCR6, CKR-L3, GPRCY4 | Immature dendritic cells , intestinal mucosal cells, naïve and memory T- and B-cells | Receptor for a C:C type chemokine, MIP-3-alpha/LARC. Affects dendritic cell chemotaxis. Important for B-lineage maturation and antigen-driven B-cell differentiation. |
| CD197 | CCR7, BLR2, CMKBR7 | Various lymphoid tissues, activated T- and B- cells. Strongly upregulated in B-cells infected with Epstein-Barr. | Activates B- and T- lymphocytes, controls migration of B-cells and memory T-cells to inflamed tissues, stimulates dendritic cell migration. |
| CD198 | CCR8, CKR-L1, GPRCY6, TER1 | Thymus. | Receptor for I-309, TARC and MIP-1-beta. Promotes recruitment of Th2 cells to sites of allergic inflammation. Co-receptor for HIV-1 infection. |
| CD199 | CCR9, GPR28 | T-cells that selectively migrate to the gastrointestinal tract. | Receptor for CCL25. May play a role in thymocyte recruitment and development, as well in inflammatory disorders of the gut. Alternate co-receptor for HIV-1 infection. |
| CD200 | OX-2, MOX1 | Endothelial cells and neurons. | Has a role in immunosuppression and regulation of anti-tumor activity. |
| CD201 | EPCR, PROCR, CCCA | Endothelial cell subsets. | Receptor for activated protein C and involved in the protein C pathway controlling blood coagulation. |
| CD202b | TIE2, TEK, TIE2, VMCM | Endothelial cells and angioblasts. | Receptor for angiopoietin-1 and mediates steps involved with embryonic vascular development. Required for post-natal hematopoiesis, normal angiogenesis and heart development. |
| CD203c | ENPP3, B10, PDNP3 | Basophils, mast cells and uterus. | Limits mast cell and basophil responses during inflammation, expression upregulated when these cells are activated by an allergy. Enzyme catalyzing hydrolysis of deoxynucleotides, nucleotide sugars and NAD. |
| CD204 | MSR1, SCARA1, phSR2 | Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). | Receptor implicated in macrophage-associated processes, such as adhesion, phagocytosis, production of ROS and host defense. |
| CD205 | DEC205, LY75, CLEC13B | Dendritic cells, B-cells, macrophages and thymic epithelial cells. | Endocytic receptor enhancing antigen presentation, causes reduced proliferation of B-cells. |
| CD206 | MMR, MRC1, CLEC13D | Macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells. | Receptor that mediates endocytosis of glycoproteins by macrophages. |
| CD207 | Langerin, CLEC4K | Langerhans cells. | Binds mannose which may lead to the internalization of antigen and provide access to nonclassical antigen-processing pathway. |
| CD208 | LAMP3, DCLAMP, TSC403 | Dendritic cells. | Dendritic cell maturation marker, involved in cell proliferation and adaptive immunity. |
| CD209 | DC-SIGN | Dendritic cells, placental macrophages, endothelial cells of placental vascular channels, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and THP-1 monocytes. | Involved in initiation of the immune response, mediates antigen endocytosis and degradation binds pathogenic antigens such as HIV1 gp120. |
| CD210a | IL10RA, IL10R1 | Monocytes, B- and T-cells and large granular lymphocytes. | Receptor for IL10, inhibits macrophage activation by interferon-gamma. |
| CD210b | IL10RB, IL10R2, CDw210B | Monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, B- and T-cells. | Co-expression with IL10RA is required for IL10-induced signal transduction. Forms part of the receptor complexes for IL10, IL22, IL26, IL28, and IL29. |
| CD212 | IL12RB1, MGC34454 | Activated T-cells and natural killer cells. | Forms part of the receptor complexes for IL12 and IL23. |
| CD213a1 | IL13RA1, NR4 | B- and T-cells, monocytes and endothelial cells. | Forms part of the receptor complexes for IL13 and IL4. |
CD213a2 | IL13RA2, IL13BP | B-cells and monocytes. High expression on certain tumors. | Binds IL13 with high affinity and may play role in the internalization of IL13. |
| CD215 | IL15RA | Widely expressed in tissue and in circulation. | Receptor for IL15 and involved in osteoblast function. |
| CD217 | IL17R, IL-17RA | Ubiquitous expression, mainly found on fibroblasts and endothelial cells. | Receptor for IL17A and IL17F, involved with immunosuppression. |
| CD218a | IL18R1, IL1RRP, IL-1Rrp | B- and T-cell subsets (Th1 cells), natural killer cells, monocytes, granulocytes and endothelial cells. | Forms part of the receptor complex for IL18 and plays a significant role in control of innate and adaptive immunity. |
| CD218b | IL18Rbeta, IL18RAP, ACPL | Natural killer cells, T-cell subsets, monocytes and endothelial cells. | Forms part of the receptor complex for IL18, plays important role in hypertension. |
| CD220 | Insulin receptor, INSR | Widely expressed in tissue targets of insulin metabolic effects. | Tyrosine-protein kinase activity. Binding of insulin stimulates its association with downstream mediators including insulin receptor substrates and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), which leads to glucose uptake. |
| CD221 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, IGF1R, JTK13 | Wide tissue expression. | Involved in the growth and survival of normal and neoplastic cells. |
| CD222 | M6PR, IGFII-R, MPRI, CIMPR | Lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and fibroblasts, ubiquitously expressed. | Transports phosphorylated lysosomal enzymes from the Golgi complex and the cell surface to lysosomes. |
| CD223 | LAG-3 | Effector memory T-cells. Upregulated on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and subset of NK cells. | Immune checkpoint receptor that mediates a cell-intrinsic negative inhibitory signal. |
| CD224 | GGT1 | Lymphocytes as well as various tissues, eg kidney, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, placenta, lung. | Catalyzes the degradation of extracellular GSH to promote production of constituent amino acids, and helps maintain intracellular GSH. |
| CD225 | IFITM1, Leu-13, Sep-27 | Bone, with greatly elevated levels in colon, cervical, esophageal, and ovarian cancers. Also found in glioma cell lines. | Inhibits viral entry, implicated in cell adhesion, control of cell growth and migration. |
| CD226 | DNAM-1, PTA1 | Majority of immune cells, including T-cells and natural killer cells. | Important activating receptor, when engaged with ligand, activates NK cells. |
| CD227 | MUC1, PUM, EMA | T-cells, monocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells and stem cell subsets. | Cell adhesion and signaling through phosphorylations and protein-protein interactions. |
| CD228 | Melanotransferrin, MFI2, MAP97 | Brain capillary endothelial cells, stem cells and melanoma cells. Soluble version found in serum. | Involved in cellular iron uptake. May be a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. |
| CD229 | Ly9, SLAMF3 | T- and B-cells. High expression on NKT cells and marginal zone B-cells. | Involved in adhesion between T-cells and accessory cells. Acts as signaling inhibitory receptor, involved in maintenance of immune cell tolerance. |
| CD230 | PrP, PRNP, ASCR | Abundantly expressed in neuronal cells. | Involved in complexes that modulate neuroprotection. Altered forms of the protein are responsible for prion diseases. |
| CD231 | Tspan-7, TALLA-1, A15, TM4SF2b | T-cells and endothelial cells. Over expressed in certain cancers. | Plays important role in intercellular adhesion, invasion and metastasis. |
| CD232 | Plexin-C1, VESP-R | Melanocytes, monocytes, B-cells and natural killer cells. | Receptor for SEMA7A, smallpox semaphorin A39R, vaccinia virus semaphorin A39R and for herpesvirus Sema protein. Potential anti-tumor role in melanomas. |
| CD233 | BND3, AE1, SLC4A1 | Erythrocytes and kidney cells. | Functions as an electro-neutral chloride/bicarbonate exchanger. |
| CD234 | Duffy antigen receptor, DARC, CCBP1, GPD | Erythrocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells and epithelial cells. | Receptor for Plasmodium spp. Non-specific chemokine receptor. |
| CD235a | Glycophorin-A, GYPA, MNS | Erythrocytes. | Carries blood group antigens, major erythrocyte intrinsic membrane protein. Minimizes erythrocyte aggregation. A receptor for influenza virus, Plasmodium falciparum and Hepatitis A virus. |
| CD235b | Glycophorin-B (GYPB) | Erythrocytes. | Minor sialoglycoprotein in erythrocyte membranes, receptor for Plasmodium falciparum. |
| CD236 | Glycophorin, GPC | Two isoforms produced by alternative splicing: Glucophorin-C is expressed in erythrocytes, Glycophorin-D is ubiquitously expressed. | Glycophorin-C regulates the stability of red cells. |
| CD238 | Kell blood group glycoprotein, KEL | Erythrocytes, Sertoli cells and follicular dendritic cells. | Zinc endopeptidase cleaving endothelin 3 . |
| CD239 | Lutheran blood group antigen, B-CAM | Erythrocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells and cancerous cells. | Receptor for laminin alpha-5, plays a role in cell adhesion to basement membranes. |
| CD240CE | Blood group Rh(CE) polypeptide, RH30A, Rh4 | Erythrocytes. | Part of an oligomeric complex with a putative transport or channel function in the erythrocyte membrane. |
| CD240D | Blood group Rh(D) polypeptide, RHPII | Erythrocytes. | |
| CD241 | RHAG, RH50A | Erythrocytes. | Ammonium and carbon dioxide transporter, associated with rhesus blood group antigen expression. |
| CD242 | ICAM-4, LW | Erythrocytes. | Ligand for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1, critical in erythroblastic island formation. |
| CD243 | MDR-1, ABCB1, ABC20 | Apical cell membrane of epithelial and endothelial interfaces within the intestine, testis, kidney, liver, brain and placenta, stem cells and drug-resistant tumor cells. | Influences absorption, distribution, excretion and toxicology of exogenous substrates. |
| CD244 | 2B4, NAIL, SLAMF4 | Natural killer cells, basophils, monocytes and leukemic cells. | Natural killer cell activation. Co-operates with c-Kit and p27 to activate SHP-2. Helps to maintain the stemness of leukemia initiating cells. |
| CD245 | p220/240 | Peripheral blood lymphocytes and NK lymphocytes. | Highly conserved motor enzyme, necessary for cytoskeleton organization and Golgi budding. Possible receptor for surfactant Protein A. |
| CD246 | ALK | Embryonic neurons of CNS and PNS. | Enzyme which plays important role in brain development, also an oncogenic driver. |
| CD247 | TCR Z chain, CD3H | T-cells and natural killer cells. | Part of the TCR complex. Essential for recognition of the antigenic peptide and immunosuppressive. |
| CD248 | Endosialin, CD164L1 | Stromal fibroblasts, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, osteoblasts, upregulated in tumor growth environment. | Acts as microenvironmental sensor which mediates part of the adipose tissue response to hypoxia. |
| CD249 | EAP, Aminopeptidase A, ENPEP | Epithelial cells and endothelial cells of many organs, predominant in kidneys. | Zinc metaloprotease that converts angiotensin II to angiotensin III. |
CD252 | OX40L, TNFSF4, GP34 | Dendritic cells, activated B-cells, macrophages, NKT cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. | Member of TNF superfamily, implicated in the proliferation and survival of T-cells. |
| CD253 | Apo-2L, TRAIL, TNFSF10 | Activated T-cells and natural killer cells. | Initiates apoptosis of tumor cells by binding to either DR4 or DR5 receptors. |
| CD254 | ODF, OPGK, RANKL, TRANCE, TNFSF11 | Differentiated CD4+ T-cells and CD40-ligand stimulated mature DCs. | Enhances T-cell proliferation and T-cell: DC interactions. Crucial for the development of osteoclasts and lymph nodes. |
| CD256 | APRIL, TALL-2, TRDL-1, TNFSF13 | Leukocytes, pancreatic cells and colon. | Promotes AML cell growth by suppressing apoptosis and activating NF-kB. |
| CD257 | BAFF, TALL-1, TNFSF13B, BLYS, ZTNF4 | Mature B cells and plasma cells, monocytes, macrophages, T-cells and dendritic cells. | Involved in the stimulation of B- and T-cell function and is often elevated in autoimmune diseases. |
| CD258 | TNFRSF14, HVEM-L, LIGHT | Activated T-cells and dendritic cells, activated monocytes and B-cells. | Interacts with LTbR to increase survival and proliferation of BM-MSCs. |
| CD261 | DR4, TRAIL-R1, TNFRSF10A, Apor2 | Activated T-cells, peripheral B-cells and selected tumor cells. | Induces apoptosis upon binding to TRAIL, inducing the formation of DiSC. Also activates non-apoptotic signaling pathways that result in proliferation. |
| CD262 | DR5, TRAIL-R2, TNFRSF10B, TRICKB | Leukocytes and selected tumor cells. | Activated by TNFSF10 / TRAIL and transduces apoptosis signal. |
| CD263 | DcR1, TRAIL-R3, TNFRSF10C, LIT, TRID | Low expression in most cells, high expression in tumor epithelial cells. | Receptor for TRAIL, competes with TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 thus inhibiting apoptosis. |
| CD264 | DCR2, TRAIL-R4, TNFRSF10D, TRUNDD | Low expression in most cells and overexpressed in certain tumor cells. | Receptor for TRAIL, negatively regulates TRAIL-induced apoptosis and can influence the sensitivity of other cells in tumor microenvironment to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. |
| CD265 | RANK, ODFR, TNFRSF11A, TRANCER | Heart, lung, brain, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver, skin and some cancers. | Mediates intracellular signaling, while overexpression in cancer cells results in abnormal proliferation and impaired differentiation, increasing the incidence of tumorigenesis. |
| CD266 | TWEAKR, TNFRSF12A, FN14 | Progenitor cells, with elevated expression in cancers, and endothelial cells. | Receptor for TWEAK. May contribute to endothelial dysfunction and may play a role in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. |
| CD267 | TACI, TNFRSF13B, CVID, TNFRSF14B | B-cells. | Receptor that plays an essential role during counterselection of early B-cells expressing self-reactive BCRs. Supports class-switch recombination, plasma cell differentiation and antibody secretion. |
| CD268 | BAFF receptor, TNFRSF13C | Resting and mature B-cells. | B cell receptor for CD257. Regulates B-cell proliferation, survival, maturation and differentiation into plasma cells. |
| CD269 | BCMA | Mature B-cells, normal plasma cells, high expression in multiple myeloma cells. | Receptor for CD256 and CD257, activates NFkB and JNK. Promotes B-cell survival and plays a role in the regulation of humoral immunity. |
| CD270 | HveA, TR2, TNFRSF14, ATAR, HVEM | T follicular helper cells and antigen-presenting cells. | When bound to receptor BTLA (CD272), regulates inhibition and costimulation of several key players in the immune system. Plays an important role in Herpes simplex virus (HSV) pathogenesis. |
| CD271 | NGF receptor, p75NTR | Widely expressed in central and peripheral nervous system. Overexpressed in many metastatic cancers. | Regulates neuronal growth, migration, differentiation and cell death. May promote tumor migration and invasion in metastatic cancers. |
| CD272 | BTLA | CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, macrophages, dendritic and NK cells. | Immune checkpoint that suppresses immune responses. Attenuates B-cell function. |
| CD273 | PD-L2, B7-DC, PDCD1LG2 | Dendritic cells and activated monocytes. Expression can be induced by inflammatory cytokines from immune and nonimmune cells. | Ligand for PD-1 and key regulatory immune checkpoint to maintain self-tolerance. Expression is associated with improved overall survival in some metastatic cancers. |
| CD274 | PD-L1, B7-H1 | Activated T- and B-cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, monocytes and tumor cells. | Ligand for PD-1 and key regulatory immune checkpoint to maintain self-tolerance. Essential for T-cell proliferation and production of interferon gamma and IL10. |
| CD275 | B7-H2, B7RP-1, ICOSLG, LICOS | Activated monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. | Ligand for CD278. Costimulatory signal for T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. Expression associated with immune-mediated diseases |
| CD276 | B7-H3 | Limited expression in normal human tissues (prostate, breast, placenta, liver, colon and lymphoid organs) but overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment. | Immune checkpoint molecule that enhances the induction of cytotoxic T-cells and selectively stimulates interferon gamma production in the presence of T-cell receptor signaling. |
| CD277 | BTN3A1, BTF5 | Subset of T-cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, dendritic cells and endothelial cells. | Involved in T-cell activation by phosphoantigens from malignant cells. |
| CD278 | ICOS, AILIM | Activated T-cells. | Regulates maintenance of T follicular helper cells. |
| CD279 | PD-1, PDCD1, SLEB2 | Activated T- and B-cells. Upregulated in tumor tissue. | Inhibitory cell surface receptor and immune checkpoint inhibitor. High expression predictive of poor survival. |
| CD280 | MRC2, UPARAP | Endothelial cells, fibroblasts and macrophages. Upregulated in a variety of cancers, and related to metastasis. | Endocytic receptor, closely involved with cancer metastasis. Acts in turnover of collagens within cell and in ECM. |
| CD281 | TRL1, TIL | Plasmacytoid predendritic cells. | Pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. Regulates TLR2 function and responds to bacterial lipoproteins. Engages MAPK and NK-kB pathways. |
| CD282 | TLR2, TIL4 | Plasmacytoid predendritic cells. | Involved with IFN secretion. Activates the PI3K pathway. Involved in response to gram-positive bacteria. |
| CD283 | TLR3 | Alveolar macrophages. | Pathogen recognition molecule associated with viral infection from dsRNA. |
| CD284 | TLR4, TOLL, hToll | Innate immune cells, neurons, astrocytes and microglia. | Involved in nervous system development. Regulates the differentiation and proliferation of adult neuronal precursor cells. |
| CD286 | TLR6 | Epithelial cells. High levels found in normal colon epithelium. | TLR6:TLR2 dimers coordinate macrophage activation by gram-positive bacteria and fungal zymosan. Initiates proinflammatory cascades and apoptotic responses. |
| CD288 | TLR8 | Monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and neurons. | Intracellular receptor that detects viral single-stranded RNA. Negative regulator of neurite outgrowth and induces neuronal apoptosis. |
| CD289 | TLR9 | Peripheral blood leukocytes, plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells and lymphoma cells. | Binds unmethylated CpG DNA motifs found in microbial nucleic acids and activates the immune response. |
| CD290 | TLR10 | B-cells and dendritic cells, with high expression in lymphoma, AML and glioblastoma. | Immunomodulatory receptor with inhibitory properties. |
| CD292 | BMPR-1A, ALK-3, ACVRLK3 | Mesenchymal stem cells, various cells. | Receptor for BMP-2 and BMP-4. Plays a role in apoptosis and adipocyte development, cell differentiation and extracellular matrix deposition by osteoblasts. |
| CDw293 | BMPR-1B, ALK6 | Mesenchymal cells, bone progenitor cells, chondrocytes and epithelial cells. | Mediates TGF-b transduction. May act as a tumor suppressor in endometrial cancer. |
| CD294 | GPR44, CRTH2 | Th2 cells and eosinophils. | Involved in chemotaxis and eosinophil migration. |
| CD295 | LEP-R, OB-R | Hematopoietic cells, heart, liver, kidney, neuron and pancreatic cells. | Receptor for leptin. Acts as an inflammatory cytokine, influencing the pathogenesis of multiple tumors. |
| CD296 | ART1, RT6 | Neutrophils, cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. | Required for methionine-induced ubiquitylation and endocytosis of the methionine transporter Mup1. |
| CD297 | ART4, DOK1 | Erythrocytes, monocytes, macrophages, basophils and endothelial cells. | Covalently modifies extracellular substrates by transferring a single ADP-ribose residue from NAD+ to a specific amino acid in the target protein. Antigen of Dombrock blood group system. |
| CD298 | ATP1B3 | Neuronal cells, generally expressed. | One of three regulatory B-subunits of Na+-K+ pump on neuronal membranes. Involved in HBV propagation. |
| CD299 | CLEC4M, L-SIGN, DC-SIGNR | Liver and lymph node endothelial cells. | Pathogen-recognition receptor involved in peripheral immune surveillance in the liver. Involved in the adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells. |
| CD300a | CMRF-35-H9, IRC1, IRp60, CLM8, MAIR | Myeloid cells (including macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes), bone-marrow-derived mast cells, B-cell subset, monocytes and natural killer cells. | Inhibitory receptor which inhibits IgE-mediated degranulation from mast cells. |
| CD300c | CMRF-35A, LIR | Monocytes and mast cells. | Activates mast cells and monocytes in an FcRg-dependent manner. |
| CD300d | CLM-4 | Subsets of B-cells and peritoneal macrophages. | Stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine secretions from peritoneal macrophages. |
| CD300e | CLM-2, IREM-2 | Monocytes, macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells. | Immune-activating receptor that provides cells with survival signals and triggers the expression of activation markers. |
| CD300f | CLM-1, IREM-1, LMIR3 | Monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes and neurons. | Acts as an inhibitory receptor for myeloid cells and mast cells. Inhibits osteoclast formation. Regulates clearance of apoptotic cells. |
| CD300g | CLM-9, TREM4 | Endothelium. | May mediate L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte rolling. |
| CD301 | CLEC10A, HML2 | Macrophages, intermediate monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). | Involved in the regulation of adaptive and innate immune responses. |
| CD302 | DCL-1, BIMLEC | Monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and granulocytes. | Functions in endocytosis and phagocytosis as well as in cell adhesion and migration. |
| CD303 | CLEC4C, BCDA-2 | Plasmacytoid dendritic cells. | Regulates the production of TLR-induced cytokines in PDCs. |
| CD304 | Neuropilin 1, NRP1 | Dendritic cells, T-cells, neurons and endothelial cells. Overexpressed in gastric cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. | Regulates VEGF-induced angiogenesis, dendritic cell and T-cell interaction, as well as EGF- and HGF-regulated signaling pathways. |
| CD305 | LAIR1 | T- and B-cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells and basophils. | Interacts with ligands to inhibit immune cell activation or differentiation. |
| CD306 | LAIR2 | T- and B- cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells and basophils. | Soluble receptor that binds collagen molecules and is natural competitor for LAIR-1. |
| CD307a | FcRL1, FCRH1, IFGP1, IRTA5 | Mature B-cell subsets. | May function in B-cells activation and differentiation, acting as a positive regulator of B-cell activation. |
| CD307b | FcRL2, FCRH2, IRTA4 | Memory B-cell subsets. | Inhibits activation when co-ligated with B-cell receptor. |
| CD307c | FcRL3, FCRH3, IRTA3, SPAP2 | B-cells, subset of memory T-cells and natural killer cells. | Predicted to maintain homeostasis via regulation of immune responses. |
| CD307d | FcRL4, IRTA1, FCRH4 | Memory B-cells. | Acts in cell cycle inhibition and induces B-cell exhaustion. Receptor for IgA. |
| CD307e | FcRL5, BXMAS1, FCRH5, IRTA2 | Subset of memory B-cells. | Inhibitory receptor with expression associated with IgD downregulation and memory maturation. |
| CD309 | VEGFR-2, KDR, FLK1 | Endothelial cells and primitive stem cells. | Activation of this receptor by VEGF plays a role in angiogenesis, development, wound healing, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. |
| CD312 | EMR2 | Neutrophils. | Assist in neutrophil adhesion, migration and may enhance systemic inflammation. |
| CD314 | NKG2D, KLRK1 | Natural killer cells. | Mediates tissue stress surveillance and plays role in the control of tumors and infections. |
| CD315 | PTGFRN, FPRP, SMAP-6, EWI-F | Megakaryocytes, hepatocytes, epithelial cells and endothelial cells. | Expression is essential for angiogenesis, and levels correlate with metastatic status of lung cancer. |
| CD316 | IGSF8, EWI-2, KCT-4, PGRL | Brain, skin, olfactory sensory neurons and various tissues. | Negative regulator of cell motility and polarity. Critical regulator of CA3 microcircuit connectivity and function. |
| CD317 | BST2, Tetherin | Bone marrow stromal cells and thymocytes. | Plays an essential role in innate immunity, defends against invading pathogens, such as viruses. Aberrant expression correlated with malignancies and poor prognosis. |
| CD318 | CDCP1, SIMA135, gp140, Trask | Hematopoietic stem cells and epithelial cells. Overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. | Potent oncogene involved with cancer development, invasion and metastases |
| CD319 | SLAMF7, CRACC, CS-1 | Various immune cell types. | Ligates to EAT-2 expressing cells which results in activation of cellular immune responses. In absence of EAT-2, inhibits cellular responses by recruiting inhibitory phosphatases. |
| CD320 | FDC-SM-8D6, TCbIR | Ubiquitous expression, including a subset of immune cells. | Receptor for vitamin B12 uptake. |
| CD321 | JAM-A, JAM-1, PAM-1, F11R, KAT | Epithelial cells, endothelial cells and leukocytes. | Junctional adhesion molecule that regulates proliferation, migration and polarity in lymphocytes as well as endothelial cells. Influences epithelial tight junction formation. |
| CD322 | JAM-B, JAM-2, VE-JAM | Heart, endothelium, trophoblasts of the placenta, high endothelial venules and arteriole endothelium. | Involved in regulation of endothelial and epithelial paracellular permeability, leukocyte recruitment during inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration. |
| CD324 | E-Cadherin, CDH1 | Epithelial cells, keratinocytes, trophoblasts and platelets. | Potent suppressor of invasion and metastasis. Plays a key role in determining cell polarity and differentiation. Necessary during the whole life cycle of an organism. |
| CD325 | N-Cadherin, Cadherin-2, CDH2 | Neurons, striated and cardiac muscle cells and mesenchymal cells. | Mediates transsynaptic adhesion, enables signaling through synapses. Mediates cell: cell adhesion. |
| CD326 | Ep-CAM, EGP314, TACSTD1, TROP1, hEGP-2 | Embryonic stem cells and suprabasal layers of normal mucosa. Strong expression in primary carcinomas. | Cell adhesion molecule and signaling protein that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation in cancer and stem cells. Plays a role in embryonic stem cells proliferation and differentiation. |
| CD327 | Siglec-6, OB-BP1, CD33L | Mast cells, B-cells, basophils, and placenta trophoblastic cells. | Inhibitory receptor, which acts in the tumor microenvironment and modulates mast cell activity. |
| CD328 | Siglec-7, AIRM-1, QA79 | Eosinophils. | Downmodulates eosinophil activation but does not affect survival. |
| CD329 | Siglec-9, SAF-2 | Leukocytes. | Receptor that binds to hAOC3 and enhances its activity in recruiting leukocytes to sites of inflammation. |
| CD331 | FGFR1, BFGFR, FLT-2 | Ubiquitous expression. | Cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors that have tyrosine kinase activity. Important for the normal formation of muscle and bone tissues. |
| CD332 | FGFR2, KGFR | Primitive endoderm. Enhanced expression in the brain. | Cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors. Plays an essential role in embryonic and postnatal development as well as in adult tissue maintenance. |
| CD333 | FGFR3, ACH, JTK4 | Skin, CNS and adult testes. | Cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Aberrant signaling of receptor is found in many cancers. |
| CD334 | FGFR4, TKF, JTK2 | Ubiquitously expressed. | Cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and migration during embryonic development. Highly expressed in distinct cancer types. |
| CD335 | NCR1, NK-p46, LY94 | Natural killer cells. | Prototypal marker to define NK cells, is the cytotoxicity receptor that triggers the NK-target cell lysis when in contact with ligand. |
| CD336 | NCR2, NK-p44, LY95 | Activated natural killer cells. | Cytotoxicity-activating receptor that may contribute to the increased efficiency of activated natural killer cells to mediate tumor cell lysis. |
| CD337 | NCR3, NK-p30, LY117 | Natural killer cells. | Cytotoxicity-activating receptor that contributes to the increased efficiency of activated natural killer cells to mediate lysis of tumor cells, virus-infected cells, fungal cells and dendritic cells. |
| CD338 | ABCG2, MXR, BMDP, BCRP1 | Mainly found in tissue interfaces (blood-brain barrier, placenta, liver, intestine). | Transporter protein involved in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of various drugs. Also involved in multidrug resistance in cancer cells. |
| CD339 | Jagged1, JAG1, AHD, AWS | Widely expressed throughout mammalian development and across many tissues. | Ligand for multiple Notch receptors. Involved in the mediation of Notch signaling, cell fate determination in hematopoiesis and cardiovascular development. |
| CD340 | ERBB2, MLN 19, NEU, HER2 | Epithelial and endothelial cells, keratinocytes, hematopoietic stem cell subsets, fetal mesodermal cells and extraembryonic tissues. | Protein tyrosine kinase forming part of several cell surface receptor complexes. Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, regulates outgrowth and stabilization of peripheral microtubules. |
| CD344 | Frizzled-4 (Fz-4), FzE4, EVR1 | Enteric nervous system, mature neurons and glial cells. | Receptor for Wnt proteins. May be involved in transduction and intercellular transmission of polarity information during tissue morphogenesis. |
| CD349 | Frizzled-9, Fz-9, FZD9 | Mesenchymal stem cells, neural precursors, mammary epithelial cells, neurons, testes and kidneys. | Receptor for Wnt protein, Wnt7a, and when bound leads to maintenance of normal lung epithelium. |
| CD350 | Frizzled-10, Fz-10, FZD10 | Adult brain, placenta, adult, fetal kidney, lung and brain. | Receptor for Wnt proteins. May be involved in transduction and intercellular transmission of polarity information during tissue morphogenesis and/or in differentiated tissues. |
| CD351 | FCAMR, FKSG87 | Follicular dendritic cells in lymphoid organs and marginal zone B-cells. | Receptor for the Fc fragment of IgA and IgM. Suppresses T-independent antigen retention to downregulate germinal center formation and humoral immune responses. |
| CD352 | NTB-A, SLAMF6, KALI, Ly108 | Resting and activated T-cells, natural killer cells, B-cells and dendritic cells. | Acts as inhibitory checkpoint receptor on T-cells. When absent, established tumor cells are eradicated by CD8+ T-cells. |
| CD353 | SLAMF8, BLAME, SBBI42 | Macrophages and monocytes. | Negatively modulates Nox2 activity. |
| CD354 | TREM-1 | Monocytes, tissue macrophages, and neutrophils. | Engagement of receptor leads to activation of a cascade of intracellular events, resulting in the production of many chemokines, which amplifies inflammatory responses. |
| CD355 | CRTAM | NK and T-cell subsets, splenocytes, thymocytes, peripheral blood leukocytes and Purkinje cells. | Involved in the early immune response to certain infections. A marker to identify NK cells. |
| CD357 | TNFRSF18, AITR, GITR | T-cells (with increased expression upon cell activation), NK cells, lymphocytes, peripheral blood leukocytes and some myeloid populations. | Plays an important role in regulating immune responses by providing signals to boost T-cell activation. |
| CD358 | TNFRSF21, Death receptor 6 (DR6) | Weak expression on resting peripheral CD4+ T-cells, but upregulated upon TCR stimulation; Tfh cells | Associated with regulation of T cell function in immunological diseases. May activate NF-kB and promote apoptosis. |
| CD360 | IL-21R, IMD56 | Lymphoid tissues, particularly thymus and spleen. | Receptor for interleukin-21, important for the proliferation and differentiation of T-, B-, and NK cells, as well as tumor progression. |
| CD361 | EVI2B, D17S376, EVDB | B-cells, bone marrow, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, fibroblasts and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. Expressed in most hematopoietic populations. | Involved in regulation of myeloid differentiation and HSPC function. |
| CD362 | Syndecan-2, HSPG, SDC2, SYND2 | T-cells, bone marrow- and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. | Functions as integral membrane protein and mediates cell proliferation, cell migration and cell-matrix interactions. |
| CD363 | S1PR1, D1S3362, edg-1 | Endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and melanocytes. | Receptor for the lysosphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). This inducible epithelial cell G-protein-coupled receptor may be involved in the processes that regulate the differentiation of endothelial cells and immune cell regulation |
| CD364 | PI-16, dj90K10.5, MGC45378, CRISP9 | Endothelial cells. | Inhibits cell migration when over-expressed. |
| CD365 | HAVCR1, TIM-1 | T cells, regulatory immune cells and APCs. | Receptor for hepatitis A virus and TiMD4. May be involved in the moderation of asthma and allergic diseases. |
| CD366 | HAVCR2, TIM-3, TIMD3 | CD4+ CD8+ T-cells, Th17 cells, regulatory T-cells and innate immune cells. | Immune checkpoint marker that mediates CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. |
| CD367 | CLEC4, DCIR, DDB27, CLECSF6 | Dendritic cells. | Involved in response to pathogens through support of type I IFN signaling to protect host tissue. |
| CD368 | CLEC4D, MCL, CLECSF8, CLEC-6, MPCL | Monocytes subsets. | Activating C-Lectin Receptor, acts as receptor for mycobacteria. |
| CD369 | Dectin-1, CLECSF12, CLEC7A | HSPCs. | Plays a main role in macrophage polarization. |
| CD370 | HEEE9341, UNQ9341, DNGR1, CLEC9A | Dendritic cells, monocyte subpopulations | Functions as activation receptor upon binding dead cell debris. Promotes atherosclerosis and pancreatitis. |
| CD371 | CLEC12A, CLL-1, MICL, DCAL-2 | Monocytes, macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells, strong expression in B-ALL. | C-lectin receptor involved in antigen capturing. Regulates inflammation in response to cell death. |