MitoTox™ Complex II + III OXPHOS Activity Assay Kit (ab109905)
Key features and details
- Assay type: Direct
- Detection method: Colorimetric
- Platform: Microplate reader
- Assay time: 30 min
Overview
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Product name
MitoTox™ Complex II + III OXPHOS Activity Assay Kit
See all Complex III kits -
Detection method
Colorimetric -
Assay type
Direct -
Assay time
0h 30m -
Species reactivity
Reacts with: Cow, Mammals -
Product overview
MitoTox™ Complex II+ III OXPHOS Activity Assay Kit (ab109905) is designed for testing the direct inhibitory effect of compounds on Complex III activity in only 30 minutes. The assay is performed using whole bovine heart mitochondria, a rich source of OXPHOS complex. Succinate (electron donor of Complex II) and oxidized cytochrome c (electron acceptor of Complex III) are added to the mitochondria to start the electron transfer pathway that takes place during oxidative phosphorylation. The rate of couple Complex II + III reaction is measured by monitoring the conversion of oxidized cytochrome c into reduced form, which can be observed as increase in absorbance at OD 550 nm. The assay requires rotenone and KCN (not supplied): rotenone (Complex I inhibitor) blocks electron transfer to ubiquinone, ensuring that all reduction of cytochrome c happens via Complex II. The addition of KCN (Complex IV inhibitor) ensures that there is no re-oxidation of cytochrome c. The intra-assay and inter-assay variation of this assay are both < 10%.
Inhibitory effects of compounds on Complex III activity can be tested in two different ways: 1. Screening format, where up to 23 compounds can be tested at a single concentration in triplicate; 2. Dose response (IC50) format, where two compounds known to affect Complex III activity can be tested at 11 different data points in triplicate.
Testing for mitochondrial function has become a key aspect of drug discovery. Mitochondria can be affected by drug treatment, resulting into cardio- and hepatotoxic side effects that can lead to drug withdrawal from the market. Therefore, there is increasing emphasis on testing the impact on mitochondria early on in the drug development process to reduce failure rates during preclinical and clinical phases.
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Notes
Store Bovine Heart Mitochondria and Cytochrome c (oxidized) at -80°C. Store all other components at 4°C.
Related products
Review the mitochondrial assay guide, or the full metabolism assay guide to learn about more assays for metabolites, metabolic enzymes, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress, and also how to assay metabolic function in live cells using your plate reader.
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Platform
Microplate reader
Properties
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Storage instructions
Please refer to protocols. -
Components 96 tests 12-channel reagent reservoirs 2 units 1X Complex III Mito Buffer 1 x 1ml 1X Succinate Solution 1 x 12ml 96-well microplate 1 unit Bovine heart mitochondria (5 mg/mL) 1 x 300µl Cytochrome c (III) 1 x 550µl Single-channel reagent reservoirs 2 units -
Research areas
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Relevance
Complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase), one of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, transfers electrons from succinate generated during the citric acid cycle to Complex III (ubiquinolcytochrome c oxidoreductase), via a mobile electron shuttle, ubiquinone. Complex III transfers electrons to Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) via another mobile electron shuttle, cytochrome c. -
Alternative names
- coenzyme Q : cytochrome c — oxidoreductase
- cytochrome bc1 complex
Images
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MitoTox™ Complex III OXPHOS Activity Assay (ab109905)
Typical dose response curve for antimycin A. Assay was performed following the Dose Response Assay Procedure using antimycin A, a well known Complex III inhibitor. Antimycin A was prepared in DMSO to generate a 10 mM stock. Starting with a 150 µM final concentration in well, 1:4 serial dilutions of antimycin A were generated.
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Mitochondrial ROS dependent functional deficiency and structural impairment in cardiac mitochondria after sepsis.Image courtesy of Yao X et al.PLoS One. 2015; 10(10): e0139416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139416.Mitchondiral fractions from the heart tissue of Rats infected by S. pneumoniae, or given PBS sham control, were subjected to measurements of complex I-V activities. Complex I was measured with ab109721 (top left), Complex II + III were measured using ab109905 (top right), Complex IV was measured using ab109911 (bottom left) and Complex V was measured using ab109714 (bottom right).
Freshly isolated mitochondrial pellets were resuspened in PBS supplemented with 10% detergent provided in the kits. Protein concentrations of these mitochondrial lysates were estimated and 25 μg (for complex I, IV and V) or 100 μg (for complex II+III) mitochondrial protein was used per reaction. Enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometricly in triplicate and expressed as changes of absorbance per minute per mg protein
Datasheets and documents
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SDS download
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Datasheet download
References (30)
ab109905 has been referenced in 30 publications.
- Lei M et al. Long non-coding RNA TUG1 sponges microRNA-9 to protect podocytes from high glucose-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT1 upregulation. Exp Ther Med 23:236 (2022). PubMed: 35222713
- Kim M et al. Evaluation of Parkin in the Regulation of Myocardial Mitochondria-Associated Membranes and Cardiomyopathy During Endotoxemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 10:796061 (2022). PubMed: 35265609
- Han G et al. Dihuang-Yinzi Alleviates Cognition Deficits via Targeting Energy-Related Metabolism in an Alzheimer Mouse Model as Demonstrated by Integration of Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology. Front Aging Neurosci 14:873929 (2022). PubMed: 35431901
- Papachristodoulou A et al. NKX3.1 Localization to Mitochondria Suppresses Prostate Cancer Initiation. Cancer Discov 11:2316-2333 (2021). PubMed: 33893149
- Tsai ML et al. IL-25 Induced ROS-Mediated M2 Macrophage Polarization via AMPK-Associated Mitophagy. Int J Mol Sci 23:N/A (2021). PubMed: 35008429