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    products/chip-kits/p53-transcription-factor-assay-kit-colorimetric-ab207225.pdf

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Cell Biology Cell Cycle Cell Cycle Inhibitors p53
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p53 Transcription Factor Assay Kit (Colorimetric) (ab207225)

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Different amounts of nuclear extracts from untreated (Gray) and H2O2-treated (Black) MCF-7 cells are tested for p53 activation by using the p53 TF Assay Kit.

    Key features and details

    • Assay type: Semi-quantitative
    • Detection method: Colorimetric
    • Platform: Microplate reader
    • Assay time: 3 hr 30 min
    • Sample type: Nuclear Extracts
    • Sensitivity: 600 ng/well

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    Overview

    • Product name

      p53 Transcription Factor Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
      See all p53 kits
    • Detection method

      Colorimetric
    • Sample type

      Nuclear Extracts
    • Assay type

      Semi-quantitative
    • Sensitivity

      < 600 ng/well
    • Assay time

      3h 30m
    • Species reactivity

      Reacts with: Human
    • Product overview

      p53 Transcription Factor Assay Kit (Colorimetric) (ab207225) is a high throughput assay to quantify p53 activation in nuclear extracts. This assay combines a quick ELISA format with a sensitive and specific non-radioactive assay for transcription factor activation.


      A specific double stranded DNA sequence containing the p53 consensus binding site (5’ – GGACATGCCCGGGCATGTCC – 3’) has been immobilized onto a 96-well plate. Active p53 present in the nuclear extract specifically binds to the oligonucleotide. p53 is detected by a primary antibody that recognizes an epitope of p53 accessible only when the protein is activated and bound to its target DNA. An HRP-conjugated secondary antibody provides sensitive colorimetric readout that at OD 450 nm. This product detects only human p53.


      Key performance and benefits:



      • Assay time: 3.5 hours (cell extracts preparation not included).

      • Detection limit: < 0.6 µg nuclear extract/well.

      • Detection range: 0.6 – 10 µg nuclear extract/well.

    • Notes

      The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor that switches on a series of protective genes when the cell is exposed to stressful events. Many solid tumors contain defective forms of p53 that are unable to stop cells from proliferating when, for example, their DNA has been damaged. Therefore, p53 functions to selectively destroy stressed or abnormal cells, thereby protecting the organism from cancer development. Stress events include radiation, low pH, heat shock, hypoxia, genotoxins, DNA damage, RNA polymerase II block and oxidant injury. Two human p53 homologues, p73 and p63 were recently identified with roles in stem cell identity, neurogenesis, natural immunity and homeostatic control. These homologues can drive gene expression from promoters similar to that bound by p53, but neither of these have been found to be highly mutated in cancers, nor is p73 bound to viral oncoproteins that neutralize p53 protein activity, so their function in regulating p53-dependent cancer progression is unclear.

      p53 possesses a modular architecture with an N-terminal transactivation domain, a strongly conserved core DNA-binding domain, a tetramerization domain, and a regulatory C terminus. The p53 DNA-binding domain comprises several hot spot regions for mutation that inactivate p53 in more than half of all human tumors. Tetrameric p53 binds specifically to a DNA consensus sequence consisting of two consecutive palindromic 10-bp half-sites 5´-RRRCWWGYYY-3´ (R = A or G, Y = C or T, W = A or T), which can be separated from 0 to 13 bp. The tetramer assembly stabilizes the p53 monomer folding and increases the DNA-binding activity of p53. p53 stays inactive in the nucleus when bound to MDM2 protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets both p53 and itself for ubiquitination. MDM2 represses p53 activity by inducing its nuclear export and degradation in proteasomes. Stress signals, such as DNA damage, activate protein kinases that lead to p53 phosphorylation of numerous sites and subsequent activation of p53 by inhibiting p53-MDM2 interaction. MDM2 gene expression is regulated by p53, creating a feedback loop in which p53 activates expression of MDM2, which keeps p53 levels low during normal growth and development.

    • Platform

      Microplate reader

    Properties

    • Storage instructions

      Please refer to protocols.
    • Components 1 x 96 tests 5 x 96 tests
      10X Antibody Binding Buffer 1 x 2.2ml 1 x 11ml
      10X Wash Buffer 1 x 22ml 1 x 110ml
      96-well p53 assay plate 1 unit 5 units
      Anti-rabbit HRP-conjugated IgG (0.25 μg/μL) 1 x 11µl 1 x 55µl
      Binding Buffer 1 x 10ml 1 x 50ml
      Developing Solution 1 x 11ml 1 x 55ml
      Dithiothreitol (DTT) (1 M) 1 x 100µl 1 x 500µl
      Lysis Buffer 1 x 10ml 1 x 50ml
      MCF-7 (H2O2) nuclear extract (2.5 mg/mL) 1 x 40µl 1 x 200µl
      Mutated oligonucleotide (10 pmol/μL) 1 x 100µl 1 x 500µl
      p53 antibody (0.2 mg/mL) 1 x 11µl 1 x 55µl
      Plate sealer 1 unit 5 units
      Poly [d(l-c)] (17 µg/μL) 1 x 100µl 1 x 500µl
      Protease Inhibitor Cocktail 1 x 100µl 1 x 500µl
      Stop Solution 1 x 11ml 1 x 55ml
      Wild-type oligonucleotide (10 pmol/μL) 1 x 100µl 1 x 500µl
    • Research areas

      • Cell Biology
      • Cell Cycle
      • Cell Cycle Inhibitors
      • p53
      • Cell Biology
      • Apoptosis
      • Intracellular
      • p53 Pathway
      • Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling
      • DNA / RNA
      • DNA Damage & Repair
      • DNA Damage Response
      • p53
      • Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling
      • Transcription
      • Cancer susceptibility
      • Tumor Suppressors
      • Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling
      • Cell cycle
      • Cell Cycle Inhibitors
      • p53
      • Cancer
      • Cell cycle
      • Cell cycle inhibitors
      • p53 pathway
      • Cancer
      • Oncoproteins/suppressors
      • Tumor suppressors
      • p53 pathway
      • Neuroscience
      • Development
      • Neuroscience
      • Processes
    • Function

      Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Implicated in Notch signaling cross-over. Isoform 2 enhances the transactivation activity of isoform 1 from some but not all TP53-inducible promoters. Isoform 4 suppresses transactivation activity and impairs growth suppression mediated by isoform 1. Isoform 7 inhibits isoform 1-mediated apoptosis.
    • Tissue specificity

      Ubiquitous. Isoforms are expressed in a wide range of normal tissues but in a tissue-dependent manner. Isoform 2 is expressed in most normal tissues but is not detected in brain, lung, prostate, muscle, fetal brain, spinal cord and fetal liver. Isoform 3 is expressed in most normal tissues but is not detected in lung, spleen, testis, fetal brain, spinal cord and fetal liver. Isoform 7 is expressed in most normal tissues but is not detected in prostate, uterus, skeletal muscle and breast. Isoform 8 is detected only in colon, bone marrow, testis, fetal brain and intestine. Isoform 9 is expressed in most normal tissues but is not detected in brain, heart, lung, fetal liver, salivary gland, breast or intestine.
    • Involvement in disease

      Note=TP53 is found in increased amounts in a wide variety of transformed cells. TP53 is frequently mutated or inactivated in about 60% of cancers. TP53 defects are found in Barrett metaplasia a condition in which the normally stratified squamous epithelium of the lower esophagus is replaced by a metaplastic columnar epithelium. The condition develops as a complication in approximately 10% of patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and predisposes to the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
      Defects in TP53 are a cause of esophageal cancer (ESCR) [MIM:133239].
      Defects in TP53 are a cause of Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) [MIM:151623]. LFS is an autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome that in its classic form is defined by the existence of a proband affected by a sarcoma before 45 years with a first degree relative affected by any tumor before 45 years and another first degree relative with any tumor before 45 years or a sarcoma at any age. Other clinical definitions for LFS have been proposed (PubMed:8118819 and PubMed:8718514) and called Li-Fraumeni like syndrome (LFL). In these families affected relatives develop a diverse set of malignancies at unusually early ages. Four types of cancers account for 80% of tumors occurring in TP53 germline mutation carriers: breast cancers, soft tissue and bone sarcomas, brain tumors (astrocytomas) and adrenocortical carcinomas. Less frequent tumors include choroid plexus carcinoma or papilloma before the age of 15, rhabdomyosarcoma before the age of 5, leukemia, Wilms tumor, malignant phyllodes tumor, colorectal and gastric cancers.
      Defects in TP53 are involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) [MIM:275355]; also known as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
      Defects in TP53 are a cause of lung cancer (LNCR) [MIM:211980].
      Defects in TP53 are a cause of choroid plexus papilloma (CPLPA) [MIM:260500]. Choroid plexus papilloma is a slow-growing benign tumor of the choroid plexus that often invades the leptomeninges. In children it is usually in a lateral ventricle but in adults it is more often in the fourth ventricle. Hydrocephalus is common, either from obstruction or from tumor secretion of cerebrospinal fluid. If it undergoes malignant transformation it is called a choroid plexus carcinoma. Primary choroid plexus tumors are rare and usually occur in early childhood.
      Defects in TP53 are a cause of adrenocortical carcinoma (ADCC) [MIM:202300]. ADCC is a rare childhood tumor of the adrenal cortex. It occurs with increased frequency in patients with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and is a component tumor in Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
    • Sequence similarities

      Belongs to the p53 family.
    • Domain

      The nuclear export signal acts as a transcriptional repression domain. The TADI and TADII motifs (residues 17 to 25 and 48 to 56) correspond both to 9aaTAD motifs which are transactivation domains present in a large number of yeast and animal transcription factors.
    • Post-translational
      modifications

      Acetylated. Acetylation of Lys-382 by CREBBP enhances transcriptional activity. Deacetylation of Lys-382 by SIRT1 impairs its ability to induce proapoptotic program and modulate cell senescence.
      Phosphorylation on Ser residues mediates transcriptional activation. Phosphorylated by HIPK1 (By similarity). Phosphorylation at Ser-9 by HIPK4 increases repression activity on BIRC5 promoter. Phosphorylated on Thr-18 by VRK1. Phosphorylated on Ser-20 by CHEK2 in response to DNA damage, which prevents ubiquitination by MDM2. Phosphorylated on Thr-55 by TAF1, which promotes MDM2-mediated degradation. Phosphorylated on Ser-46 by HIPK2 upon UV irradiation. Phosphorylation on Ser-46 is required for acetylation by CREBBP. Phosphorylated on Ser-392 following UV but not gamma irradiation. Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR. Phosphorylated on Ser-15 upon ultraviolet irradiation; which is enhanced by interaction with BANP.
      Dephosphorylated by PP2A-PPP2R5C holoenzyme at Thr-55. SV40 small T antigen inhibits the dephosphorylation by the AC form of PP2A.
      May be O-glycosylated in the C-terminal basic region. Studied in EB-1 cell line.
      Ubiquitinated by MDM2 and SYVN1, which leads to proteasomal degradation. Ubiquitinated by RFWD3, which works in cooperation with MDM2 and may catalyze the formation of short polyubiquitin chains on p53/TP53 that are not targeted to the proteasome. Ubiquitinated by MKRN1 at Lys-291 and Lys-292, which leads to proteasomal degradation. Deubiquitinated by USP10, leading to its stabilization. Ubiquitinated by TRIM24, which leads to proteasomal degradation. Ubiquitination by TOPORS induces degradation. Deubiquitination by USP7, leading to stabilization. Isoform 4 is monoubiquitinated in an MDM2-independent manner.
      Monomethylated at Lys-372 by SETD7, leading to stabilization and increased transcriptional activation. Monomethylated at Lys-370 by SMYD2, leading to decreased DNA-binding activity and subsequent transcriptional regulation activity. Lys-372 monomethylation prevents interaction with SMYD2 and subsequent monomethylation at Lys-370. Dimethylated at Lys-373 by EHMT1 and EHMT2. Monomethylated at Lys-382 by SETD8, promoting interaction with L3MBTL1 and leading to repress transcriptional activity. Demethylation of dimethylated Lys-370 by KDM1A prevents interaction with TP53BP1 and represses TP53-mediated transcriptional activation.
      Sumoylated by SUMO1.
    • Cellular localization

      Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Nucleus > PML body. Endoplasmic reticulum. Interaction with BANP promotes nuclear localization. Recruited into PML bodies together with CHEK2; Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm in most cells. In some cells, forms foci in the nucleus that are different from nucleoli; Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Localized in the nucleus in most cells but found in the cytoplasm in some cells; Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Localized mainly in the nucleus with minor staining in the cytoplasm; Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Predominantly nuclear but localizes to the cytoplasm when expressed with isoform 4 and Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Predominantly nuclear but translocates to the cytoplasm following cell stress.
    • Target information above from: UniProt accession P04637 The UniProt Consortium
      The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) in 2010
      Nucleic Acids Res. 38:D142-D148 (2010) .

      Information by UniProt
    • Alternative names

      • Antigen NY-CO-13
      • BCC7
      • Cellular tumor antigen p53
      • FLJ92943
      • LFS1
      • Mutant tumor protein 53
      • p53
      • p53 tumor suppressor
      • P53_HUMAN
      • Phosphoprotein p53
      • Tp53
      • Transformation related protein 53
      • TRP53
      • tumor antigen p55
      • Tumor protein 53
      • Tumor protein p53
      • Tumor suppressor p53
      see all
    • Database links

      • Entrez Gene: 7157 Human
      • Omim: 191170 Human
      • SwissProt: P04637 Human
      • Unigene: 654481 Human

      Images

      • Different amounts of nuclear extracts from untreated (Gray) and H2O2-treated (Black) MCF-7 cells are tested for p53 activation by using the p53 TF Assay Kit.
        Different amounts of nuclear extracts from untreated (Gray) and H2O2-treated (Black) MCF-7 cells are tested for p53 activation by using the p53 TF Assay Kit.

        Different amounts of nuclear extracts from untreated (grey) and H2O2-treated (black) MCF-7 cells were tested for p53 activation. These curves are provided for demonstration only.

      Protocols

      • Protocol Booklet

      Click here to view the general protocols

      Datasheets and documents

      • SDS download

      • Datasheet download

        Download

      References (3)

      Publishing research using ab207225? Please let us know so that we can cite the reference in this datasheet.

      ab207225 has been referenced in 3 publications.

      • Kang YJ  et al. Administration of 4-hexylresorcinol increases p53-mediated transcriptional activity in oral cancer cells with the p53 mutation. Oncol Rep 48:N/A (2022). PubMed: 35856441
      • El-Maksoud AAA  et al. Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect. Molecules 26:N/A (2021). PubMed: 34770781
      • Grassi ES  et al. Hypoxia-induced release, nuclear translocation, and signaling activity of a DLK1 intracellular fragment in glioma. Oncogene 39:4028-4044 (2020). PubMed: 32205867

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