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Your guide to identifying and studying Cdk-cyclin and its associated protein targets in the cell cycle and cancer.
Cell division and apoptosis are key aspects of cancer biology. Cdk (cyclin-dependent kinase) associates with cyclins to form Cdk-cyclin complexes, which play a crucial role in cell cycle progression.
The Cdk-cyclin complexes regulate a series of events that lead cells from a resting state (G0), the growth phase (G1), through DNA replication (S), and finally to cell division (M). Abnormalities in cell cycle control that occur in any phase lead to cell cycle arrest and might be associated with cancer1.
This guide recommends the most suitable antibodies to study Cdk-cyclin and its regulators in cell cycle progression and cancer.
Contents
p21 directly binds to Cdk-cyclin complexes maintaining Cdk in an inactive state2. Inactive Cdk cannot phosphorylate downstream targets thereby leading to cell cycle arrest3.
Modulating p21 and its associated Cdk target proteins can cause DNA damage, replication stress, and DNA accumulation and contribute to cancer development. Studying DNA changes during cell cycle arrest will help better characterize cell cycle progression and the effect of target modulation in cancer.
Type | Reagent name | Description | AbID |
Antibody | Anti-p21 antibody [ER362] | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: Flow Cyt (Intra), ICC/IF, WB, IP, IHC-P | ab109520 |
Anti-p21 antibody [CIP1/823] - BSA and Azide free | Type: Mouse monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: WB, IHC-P, ICC | ab212247 |
Click here for the full list of p21 antibodies
MDM2 is a negative regulator of p21, which binds p21 and directs it to proteasome-mediated degradation4. That's why MDM2 inhibition elevates p21, while its overexpression has the opposite effect.
Type | Reagent name | Description | AbID |
Antibody | Anti-MDM2 antibody | Type: Mouse monoclonal Reactivity: Hu Applications: ICC, WB, IHC-P, Flow Cyt | ab16895 |
Click here for the full list of MDM2 antibodies
Cdk 2 is associated with tumor proliferation in multiple cancer types. Binding of p21 to Cdk2-cyclin E complex arrests cells at the G1/S checkpoint. Cdk2 inhibition by p21 is therefore crucial for DNA damage repair5.
Type | Reagent name | Description | AbID |
Antibody | Anti-Cdk2 antibody![]() | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu, Mo, Rt Applications: ICC/IF, IP, WB, IHC-P, Flow Cyt (Intra) | ab32147 |
Anti-CDK2 (phospho Y15) antibody | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu, Rt Applications: IHC-P, Dot blot, WB, IP | ab76146 | |
Anti-CDK2 (phospho T14) antibody | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu, Rt, ChHa Applications: WB, IHC-P | ab68265 | |
Anti-CDK2 (phospho T160) antibody | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: IHC-P, WB | ab194868 |
Click here for the full list of Cdk 2 antibodies
Cyclin B1 levels rise during the G2 phase facilitating Cdk1-cyclin B1 complex formation6. Cdk1-cyclin B1 is activated by Cdc25 phosphatase7.
Cyclin B1 is often found to be overexpressed in certain cancer types.
Type | Reagent name | Description | AbID |
Antibody | Anti-Cyclin B1 antibody | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: Flow Cyt (Intra), ICC/IF, WB, IHC-P, IP | ab32053 |
Anti-Cyclin B1 (p S126) antibody | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: WB | ab133439 |
Click here for the full list of Cyclin B1 antibodies
Cdk2-cyclin E1 complex facilitates phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb), E2F transcription factor release and DNA S phase entry8.
Type | Reagent name | Description | AbID |
Antibody | Anti-Cyclin E1 antibody![]() | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: WB, ICC/IF, IP, Flow Cyt (Intra) | ab33911 |
Click here for the full list of Cyclin E1 antibodies
Cyclin A1 expression has been reported in several cancers9. p53 activates cyclin A1 promoter. Cdk2-cyclin A1 complex functions in DNA double-strand break repair10.
Type | Reagent name | Description | AbID |
Antibody | Anti-Cyclin A1/A2 antibody | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu, Recombinant fragment Applications: WB, IHC-P, IP | ab185619 |
Click here for the full list of Cyclin A1
Cdc25 dephosphorylates Y15 and T14 on Cdk2, the rate-limiting step in Cdk activation/cell-cycle progression11.
Type | Reagent name | Description | AbID |
Antibody | Anti-Cdc25C antibody![]() | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: Flow Cyt (Intra), WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP | ab32444 |
Click here for the full list of Cdc25c antibodies
CDC6 has been associated with oncogenic activities in many types of cancer12. Protein expression of Cdc6 increases during the G1 phase. Cdc6 regulates the initiation of DNA replication, and its levels are stabilized by Cdk2-cyclin E activity13.
Type | Reagent name | Description | AbID |
Antibody | Anti-Cdc6 antibody | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: ICC/IF, WB, IHC-P | ab109315 |
Anti-Cdc6 (phospho S54) antibody | Phosphorylation on S54 prevents Cdc6 from APC/C-dependent proteolysis22. Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: WB, ICC/IF, Dot blot | ab75809 | |
Anti-Cdc6 (phospho S106) antibody | Cdk2-Cyclin E phosphorylation site required to induce G2 arrest23. Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: WB | ab76422 | |
Anti-CRM1 antibody (Nuclear export factor) | CRM1 regulates Cyclin B1 nuclear export and localization10. Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu, Mo, Rt Applications: Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P, ICC/IF, WB | ab191081 |
Click here for the full list of Cdc6 antibodies
The kinase activity of the Cdk4-cyclin D complex is required for efficient cell proliferation and plays a role in cancer formation14; it is inhibited by an increase in p21 levels13. Cyclin D2 acts as a Cdk2 binding partner in the absence of Cdk4 and Cdk616.
Type | Reagent name | Description | AbID |
Antibody | Anti-Cdk4 antibody![]() | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: WB, IHC-P, Flow Cyt (Intra), ICC/IF | ab108357 |
Anti-Cdk6 antibody | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu Applications: ICC/IF, WB, IHC-P, Flow Cyt (Intra) | ab124821 | |
Anti-Cyclin D1 antibody | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu, Mo, Rt Applications: WB, IP, ICC/IF, IHC-P | ab134175 | |
Anti-Cyclin D2 antibody![]() | Type: Rabbit monoclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu, Recombinant fragment Applications: Flow Cyt (Intra), WB, ICC/IF, IP | ab207604 |
Click here for the full list of Cdk4 antibodies
Click here for the full list of Cdk6 antibodies
Click here for the full list of Cyclin D1 antibodies
Click here for the full list of Cyclin D2 antibodies
Rb is inactivated following phosphorylation by Cdk2 and Cdk4/6. p21 inhibition of Cdk leads to dephosphorylation and activation of Rb. Rb forms a complex with E2F transcription factor and stalls cell cycle progression17.
p21 both activates Rb by dephosphorylation and inactivates it by degradation, leading to negative feedback regulation of the cell cycle checkpoint.
Type | Reagent name | Description | AbID |
Antibody | Anti-Rb binding protein 6 antibody | Type: Rabbit polyclonal antibody Reactivity: Hu, Mo Applications: WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF | ab237514 |
Click here for the full list of Rb antibodies
References