HIF inhibitors and activators
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Use this guide to find the right compound to activate or inhibit the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) signaling pathway.
Multiple pharmacological compounds can activate or inhibit proteins involved in HIF signaling regulation. The table below highlights some of the small molecules that can be used to study the HIF pathway.
HIF inhibitors
| Small molecule | Description |
| CAY10585 | Suppresses transcription of HIF-1 target genes VEGF and erythropoietin |
| Chetomin | Potent HIF inhibitor; reduces CA9 and VEGF expression in hypoxic cells |
| Chrysin | Increases HIF-1α degradation via increase in prolyl hydroxylation |
| Dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) | Cell-permeable prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor |
| Dimethyl-bisphenol A | Promotes degradation of HIF-1α protein by dissociating Hsp90 from HIF-1α |
| Echinomycin | Potent, reversible cell-permeable HIF-1α inhibitor (EC50 = 1.2 nM) |
| PX 12 | Irreversible, competitive Thioredoxin-1 inhibitor; attenuates HIF-1 expression |
| Vitexin (Apigenin 8-C-glucoside) | Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory HIF-1α inhibitor |
| YC-1 | Reduces HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression; inhibits HIF-1α via FIH-dependent CAD inactivation |
Other HIF signaling tools
| Small molecule | Description |
| Deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) | Iron chelator also used as hypoxia-mimetic agent (HIF-1α activator) |