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The structural variation between NO donors has led to remarkably varied chemical reactivities and NO-release mechanisms, which has contributed to the contradictory and confusing results seen in NO literature.
In general, NO donors release NO through three kinds of mechanisms:
Chemical class | Compounds | Why choose this compound |
Diazeniumdiolate* | DEA NONOate (ab145197) | Use for rapid release of NO. Short-acting (half-life of 2 min at pH 7.4, 37oC) |
PAPA NONOate (ab145196) | Half-life of 15 min at pH 7.4, 37oC. | |
Spermine NONOate (ab144522) | Half-life of 40 min at pH 7.4, 37oC. | |
DPTA NONOate (ab145198) | Half-life of 3 hours at pH 7.4, 37oC. | |
DETA NONOate (ab144627) | Use for prolonged release of NO. Half-life of 20 hrs at pH 7.4, 37oC. | |
Syndnonimine | SIN-1 (ab141525) | To study peroxynitrite and other RNOS under physiological conditions. Produces both NO and superoxide spontaneously. |
*NO release is pH and temperature sensitive.
Chemical class | Compounds | Why choose this compound |
Organic nitrates | Nitroglycerin/GTN | Clinically proven vasodilator used to treat angina and acute myocardial infarction. |
Inorganic nitroso compound | Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, ab145732)) | Another clinically proven vasodilator. Caution: SNP may also release cyanide and free iron1. Using SNP to investigate NO in biological systems is problematic. |
Chemical class | Compounds | Why choose this compound |
S-nitrosothiol | SNAP (ab120014) | SNAP has been extensively used in research. Note: Possibly act via RS-NO rather than NO itself. Also requires trace amount of Cu2+ to catalyse the reaction2. |
S-nitrosoglutathione (SNOG) | S-nitrosating agent that also acts as an NO donor. Has multiple therapeutic applications3. |
While various NO-donors have been used extensively in NO research, many NO-donors remain uncharacterized.
For the best results, where possible, use NO probes to check for NO release in your experimental setup. Diaminefluorescein (DAF-2) is a popular choice.